Valence

Valence has several specific meanings:

• valence in chemistry
• valence in linguistics,
• In psychology and neuroscience, valence refers to the emotional value associated with a stimulus; e.g., a familiar face can have positive valence.
• valence in mathematics
• valence band in physics
• valence shell in chemistry
• valence quarks in particle physics
• valence bond theory in chemistry

• Valence is the name of several communes of France:

• Valence, in the Charente département
• Valence, préfecture (capital) of the Drôme département
• Valence, in the Tarn-et-Garonne département

also:

• Valence-d'Albigeois, in the Tarn département
• Valence-en-Brie, in the Seine-et-Marne département
• Valence-sur-Baïse, in the Gers département