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Quran slavery

These are the relevant sources of slavery to be found in the Qur'an:

The following references from the Qur'an are divided into the three categories they roughly follow, with a notation at the end indicating the Arabic word used, Riqab/riqaba meaning 'necks' or ma malakat aymanukum meaning 'those your right hand possesses.' Abd/ibad is the other popular Arabic word for 'slave' but is not as common in Quranic description of slaves.

Slaves as those one sets free:

  • 2:177 The righteous man is he who... though he loves it dearly gives away his wealth... for the redemption of captives/slaves (Riqab/riqaba)
  • 4:92 Whoever kills a believer accidentally must set free a believing slave (riqab/raqaba)
  • 5:89 the expiation for [breaking an oath is] liberating a slave
  • 58:2 Those who divorce their wives by so saying [that their wife is their mother] and afterward retract their words, shall free a slave. (riqab/raqaba)
  • 90:13 Would that you knew what the Height is. It is the freeing of a bondsmen (slave). (riqab/raqaba)

Slaves as those one is allowed to marry or have sexual relations with:

  • 2:221 You shall not wed Pagan women, unless they embrace the faith. A Believing slave-girl is better than an idolatress.
  • 4:2 But if you fear that you cannot maintain equality among them (women), marry one onle or any slave-girls you may own. (ma malakat aymanukum Those whom your right hand possesses)
  • 4:25 If any one of you cannot afford to marry a free believing woman, let him marry a slave-girl. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 4:36 ... you may marry other women who seem good to you: two, three, or four of them. But if you fear that you cannot maintain equality among them, marry one only or any slave-girls you own. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 24:32–33 Take in marriage those among you who are single and those of your male and female slaves who are honest. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 23:1–6 Blessed are the believers... who restrain their carnal desires except with their wives and slave girls, for these are lawful to them. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 33: 52 It shall be unlawful for you to take more wives... unless they are slave-girls whom you own. (ma malakat aymanukum)

On the treatment of slaves:

  • 4:36 Show kindness... to the slaves you own. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 4:33 as for those of your slaves who you wish to buy their liberty, free them if you find in them any promise... (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 4:34 You shall not force slave-girls into prostitution in order that you may enrich yourselves, if they wish to preserve their chastity. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 9:60 Alms shall be only for the poor... and the freeing of slaves. (riqab/raqaba
  • 16:71 In what he has provided God has favored some among you above others. Those who are so favored will not allow their slaves an equal share in what they have. Would they deny GodÂ’s goodness. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 24:58 Let your slaves and those who are under age ask your leave on three occasions when they come in to see you: before the dawn prayer, when you have off your garments in the heat of the noon, and after the evening prayer. (ma malakat aymanukum)
  • 47:4 When you meet the unbelievers on the battlefield... when you have laid them low, bind your captives firmly. Then grant them their freedom or take a ransom from them, until was shall down her burdens.
  • 30:28 He makes you this comparison, drawn from your own lives. Do your slaves share with you on equal terms the riches which We have given you? (ma malakat aymanukum)

(All quoted from The Qur'an translated by N.J Dawood penguin 1956 London, Notation for Arabic translation of 'slave' taken from The Human Commodity J.O Hunwick endnotes page 32)








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