Orthographic projection (cartography)

In cartography, an orthographic projection normally is a two-dimensional map of a globe. The shapes and areas are distorted, but distances are preserved along parallels.

For a simple orthographic projection, the following formulas can be used:

<math>x = \rho \, \sin\phi \, \cos\lambda <math>

<math>y = \rho \, \sin\phi \, \sin\lambda <math>

where <math>\rho<math> is the radius, <math>\lambda<math> is the longitude, and <math>\phi<math> is the latitude.