October 27

October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining.

Events

• 625 – Honorius I becomes Pope.
• 1644 – Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.
• 1795 – The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which established the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.
• 1797 – Treaty of Campo Formio signed between France and Austria.
• 1810 – United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.
• 1838 – Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state.
• 1870 – Marshal François Achille Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers in one of the biggest French defeats of the Franco-Prussian War.
• 1904 – First New York City subway line opens; system becomes biggest in United States of America, and one of biggest in world.
• 1946 – First commercially-sponsored television program airs (Geographically Speaking, sponsored by Bristol-Myers).
• 1949 – An airliner flying from Paris to New York crashes near the Azores. Among the victims are violinist Ginette Neveu and boxer Marcel Cerdan.
• 1953 – British nuclear test Totem 2 detonated at Emu Field, South Australia.
• 1954 – Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
• 1958 – Iskander Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, is deposed in a bloodless coup d'état by General Ayub Khan, who was appointed the enforcer of martial law by Mirza 20 days earlier.
• 1962 – The Cuban Missile Crisis ends peacefully.
• 1973 – The Canyon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite struck earth in Fremont County, Colorado.
• 1981 – The Soviet submarine U 137 ran aground on the east coast of Sweden.
• 1986 – The London Stock Exchange is deregulated and computerisation is introduced for the first time.
• 1990 – Supreme Soviet of Kirghiz SSR chooses Askar Akayev as republic's first president.
• 1991 – Turkmenistan achieved independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1993 – Fires in five counties in southern California destroy more than 500 homes and cause an estimate 1 billion USD of damage within a week.
• 1995 – Latvia applies for membership of the European Union.
• 1997 – The California Medical Board announces its investigation of Hollywood plastic surgeon Steve Hoefflin, who is accused of "fondling, disrobing, photographing and ridiculing his anaesthesized patients" by former employees. The probe is eventually dropped after Hoefflin pays his former employees an undisclosed sum.
• 1998 – Gerhard Schröder becomes Chancellor of Germany for the first time.
• 1999 – Armenian Prime Minister Vasgen Sarkissian and 6 other members killed in an attack on the Armenian parliament.
• 2002 – Trades unionist Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is elected as President of Brazil.
• 2002 – Running back Emmitt Smith became the current leader in career rushing yards in the National Football League, breaking the record then held by Walter Payton.
• 2004 – Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox won Game 4 of the World Series 3–0, sweeping the series in 4 games over the St. Louis Cardinals on a night featuring a full lunar eclipse, becoming champions again for the first time since 1918.
• 2004 – Matti Nykänen, once a very successful Finnish ski-jumper, is found guilty of attempt of manslaughter and sentenced to a two year and two month jail term for stabbing a family friend.

Births

• 1466 (assumed) – Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch writer and philosopher
• 1728 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer. (d. 1779)
• 1744 – Mary Moser, English painter and one of only two female founder members of the Royal Academy (d. 1819)
• 1782 – Niccolò Paganini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840)
• 1811 – Isaac Singer, inventor of the sewing machine (d. 1875)
• 1811 – Stevens Thomson Mason, first governor of Michigan.
• 1858 – Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (d. 1919)
• 1877 – George Thompson, Northamptonshire all-rounder and mainstay in the county's earliest first-class days (d. 1943)
• 1914 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet
• 1918 – Teresa Wright, American actress
• 1920 – Nanette Fabray, American actress
• 1923 – Roy Lichtenstein, Amrican pop artist (d. 1997)
• 1924 – Ruby Dee, American actress
• 1931 – Nawal El Saadawi, Egyptian writer
• 1932 – Sylvia Plath, poet
• 1939 – John Cleese, British actor, writer, and Monty Python member
• 1940 – John Gotti, New York mafia boss
• 1946 – Carrie Snodgress, American actress (d. 2004)
• 1950 – Fran Lebowitz, writer
• 1958 – Simon Le Bon, musician, Duran Duran
• 1967 – Scott Weiland, musician, Stone Temple Pilots, Velvet Revolver
• 1970 – Adrian Erlandsson, musician, Cradle of Filth
• 1972 – Evan Coyne Maloney, documentary filmmaker
• 1972 – Brad Radke, baseball player
• 1984 – Kelly Osbourne, daughter of Ozzy Osbourne

Deaths

• 939 – King Athelstan I of England
• 1271 – Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy
• 1439 – Albert II of Habsburg, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
• 1449 – Ulugh Beg, Timurid astronomer.
• 1505 – Ivan III of Russia
• 1949 – Marcel Cerdan, French world champion boxer (b. 1916)
• 1949 – Ginette Neveu, French violinist (b. 1919)
• 1962 – Enrico Mattei, Italian politician
• 1968 – Lise Meitner, German physicist
• 1975 – Rex Stout, novelist
• 1977 – James M. Cain, novelist
• 1980 – Steve Peregrin Took, Singer/Song writer
• 1990 – Elliott Roosevelt, author, advertising executive, son of Franklin Roosevelt
• 1990 – Xavier Cugat, musician (b. 1900)
• 1996 – Morey Amsterdam, actor
• 2000 – Walter Berry, Austrian bass-baritone
• 2003 – Rod Roddy, television announcer

Holidays

• Feast day of Saint Frumentius, who introduced Christianity into Ethiopia
• Independence Day in Turkmenistan (1991)
• Independence Day in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979)

External links

• BBC: On This Day

October 26 – October 28 – November 27 – September 27 – more historical anniversaries