List of state leaders in 1861

1860 state leaders – Events of 1861 – 1862 state leaders – State leaders by year

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867)
• Buganda – Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856-1884)
• Bunyoro – Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852-1869)
• Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
• Dahomey – Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
• Ethiopia – Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855-1868)
• Rwanda – Kigeri IV, King of Rwanda (1853-1895)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859-1866)
  • Grand Vizier – Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
• Zanzibar – Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856-1870)
• Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)

Asia

• Afghanistan – Dost Mohammad Khan, King of Afghanistan (1843-1863)
• China
  • Qing Dynasty
    1.  – Xianfeng, Emperor of China (1850-1861)
    2.  – Tongzhi, Emperor of China (1861-1875)
  • Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping – Hong Xiuquan, King of Heaven (1851-1864)
• Japan
  • Monarch – Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846-1867)
  • Shogun (Tokugawa) – Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858-1866)
• Korea (Joseon Dynasty) – Cheoljong, King of Joseon (1849-1864)
• Oman – Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856-1866)

Europe

• Abkhazia – Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822-1864)
• Belgium – Leopold I, King of the Belgians (1831-1865)
• Denmark -
  • Monarch – Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848-1863)
  • Prime Minister – Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860-1863)
• France – Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852-1870)
• Italy
  • Monarch – Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Conte di Cavour, Prime Minister of Italy (1861)
    2. Bettino Ricasoli, Prime Minister of Italy (1861-1862)
• Netherlands – William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
• Portugal –
  1. Pedro V, King of Portugal (1853-1861)
  2. Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
• Prussia -
  • Monarch -
    1. Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840-1861)
    2. Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
  • Regent –
    1. Prince Wilhelm, Regent of Prussia (1858-1861)
    2. became King
  • Prime Minister – Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Minister-President of Prussia (1858-1862)
• Romania – Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859-1866)
• Russia – Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
• Spain – Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September 29, 1833-1868)
• Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden-Norway
  • Monarch – Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859-1872)
  • Chief Minister – Louis Gerhard De Geer , Prime Minister for Justice of Sweden (1858-1870)
  • Foreign Minister – Ludvig Manderström, Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden-Norway (1858-1868)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch – Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
  • Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859-1865)

Middle East and North Africa

• Egypt – Said, Governor of Egypt (1854-1863)
• Morocco – Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859-1873)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch –
    1. Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839-1861)
    2. Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
  • Grand Vizier –
    1. Kibrisli Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1860-1861)
    2. Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861)
    3. Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861-1863)

North American and the Caribbean

• Province of Canada –
  1. Sir Edmund Walker Head, Governor of the Province of Canada (1854-1861)
  2. The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor of the Province of Canada (1861-1867)
• Confederate States of America – Jefferson Davis, Provisional President of the Confederate States (1861)
• Costa Rica – José María Montealegre Fernández, President (1859-1863)
• Mexico – Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1861-1863)
• United States -
  1. James Buchanan, President of the United States (1857-1861)
  2. Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States (1861-1865)

South America

• Brazil – Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil (1831-1889)