List of United States Supreme Court cases

This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.

1790–1819

• Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793): first “major” case; federal jurisdiction over suits vs. states
• Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803): judicial review of laws enacted by Congress
• Stuart v. Laird, 5 U.S. 299 (1803): enforceability of rulings issued by judges who have since been removed from office
• Ex Parte Bollman, 8 U.S. 75 (1807): habeas corpus, definition of treason, Supreme Court’s power to issue writs to circuit courts
• Fletcher v. Peck, 10 U.S. 87 (1810): property rights
• Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 14 U.S. 304 (1816): Loyalist property forfeiture, Supreme Court review of state court judgments
• McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819): doctrine of implied powers
• Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 17 U.S. 518 (1819): impairment of contracts

1820–1839

• Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U.S. 264 (1821): judicial review of state supreme court decisions
• Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. 1 (1824): Congressional power to regulate interstate commerce
• Ogden v. Saunders, 25 U.S. 213 (1827): state bankruptcy law
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. 1 (1831): Indian nations as foreign states
• Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. 515 (1832): Indian removal
• Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U.S. 243 (1833): reach of the Bill of Rights
• Wheaton v. Peters, 33 U.S. 591 (1834): copyright perpetuity; common law copyright

1840–1859

• The Amistad, 40 U.S. 518 (1841): slave trade and slave ownership (see Amistad)
• Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842): runaway slaves
• Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 53 U.S. 299 (1852): pilotage laws
• Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1856): slavery, citizenship

1860–1879

• Prize Cases, 67 U.S. 635 (1863): presidential powers in wartime
• Ex Parte Milligan, 71 U.S. 2 (1866): habeas corpus, military tribunals
• Ex Parte Garland, 71 U.S. 333 (1866): retroactive civil disability for former Confederate officers
• Ex Parte McCardle, 74 U.S. 506 (1868): congressional power to limit Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction
• Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1869): constitutionality of state secession
• United States v. Klein, 80 U.S. 128 (1871): separation of powers
• Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873): freedom of employment
• Bradwell v. State of Illinois, 83 U.S. 130 (1873): equal protection, exclusion of women from employment
• Minor v. Happersett, 88 U.S. 162 (1874): Fourteenth Amendment and the right to vote
• Totten v. United States, 92 U.S. 105 (1875): jurisdiction over espionage agreements
• United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875): application of the First and Second Amendments to the states
• Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113 (1876): corporations and agricultural regulation
• Reynolds v. United States, 98 U.S. 145 (1878): polygamy and freedom of religion

1880–1899

• Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U.S. 303 (1880): exclusion of blacks from juries
• Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883): power of federal government to prohibit racial discrimination by private parties
• Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53 (1884): copyrightability of photographs
• Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, 118 U.S. 394 (1886): corporate personhood
• Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, 118 U.S. 557 (1886): regulation of interstate commerce by individual states, creation of ICC
• Dent v. West Virginia, 129 U.S. 114 (1889): state licensing of doctors
• Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad v. Minnesota, 134 U.S. 418 (1890): states and railway fees
• Nix v. Hedden, 149 U.S. 304 (1893): status of the tomato as fruit or vegetable
• United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895): antitrust action; “Sugar Trust Case”
• Coffin v. United States, 156 U.S. 432 (1895): the presumption of innocence.
• In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895): strikes and interstate commerce
• Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co., 158 U.S. 601 (1895): income tax and tariffs
• Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896): segregation; “separate but equal”
• United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Association, 166 U.S. 290 (1897): railroads and rate fixing
• Holden v. Hardy, 169 U.S. 366 (1898):
• United States v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898): citizenship and race
• Hawker v. New York, 170 U.S. 189 (1898): character and doctor’s licenses
• Williams v. Mississippi, 170 U.S. 213 (1898): literacy tests
• Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education, 175 U.S. 528 (1899): segregation in public schools

1900–1919

• Marks v. Shoup, 181 U.S. 562 (1901): Property issues
• Insular Cases, (numerous) constitutional status of Puerto Rico and the Philippines
  • DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1901):
  • Goetze v. United States, 182 U.S. 221 (1901):
  • Armstrong v. United States, 182 U.S. 243 (1901):
  • Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901):
  • Huus v. New York & Porto Rico S.S. Co., 182 U.S. 392 (1901):
  • Dooley v. United States, 183 U.S. 151 (1901):
  • Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U.S. 176 (1901):
• Hawaii v. Manikichi, 190 U.S. 197 (1903):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Kepner v. United States, 195 U.S. 100 (1904):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Dorr v. United States, 195 U.S. 138 (1904):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Gonzales v. Williams, 192 U.S. 1 (1904): Puerto Ricans and illegal aliens
• Rasmussen v. United States, 197 U.S. 516 (1905):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905): freedom of contract, substantive due process
• Hale v. Henkel, 201 U.S. 43 (1906): witness testimony in antitrust cases
• Northwestern National Life Insurance Co. v. Riggs, 203 U.S. 243 (1906):
• Adair v. United States, 208 U.S. 161 (1908): "Yellow Dog contract"
• Muller v. Oregon, 208 U.S. 412 (1908): protective labor laws, protection of women
• Bobbs-Merrill Co v. Straus, 210 U.S. 339 (1908): extension of copyright holder rights by use of licenses
• Berea College v. Kentucky, 211 U.S. 45 (1908): state laws and segregation of educational facilities
• Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley, 211 U.S. 149 (1908): federal question jurisdiction
• United States v. Grimaud, 220 U.S. 506 (1911): control of forest reserves
• Dowdell v. United States, 221 U.S. 325 (1911):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Bauer & Cie. v. O'Donnell, 229 U.S. 1 (1913): extensions of patents by use of licenses, rights of copyright holder regarding “use” of copyrighted works
• Ocampo v. United States, 234 U.S. 91 (1914):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Guinn v. United States, 238 U.S. 347 (1915): unconstitutionality of Oklahoma's "grandfather law" used to disenfranchise African-American voters
• Bi-Metallic Investment Co. v. State Board of Equalization, 239 U.S. 441 (1915): denial of due process procedural protections for legislative and rulemaking acts, as opposed to adjudicatory proceedings
• Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad (1916):
• Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60 (1917): unconstitutionality of local ordinance compelling racial segregation of residential housing
• Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918): Congressional power to regulate child labor under the Commerce Clause
• International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215 (1918): property rights in news
• Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919): freedom of speech, “clear and present danger”
• Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616 (1919): validity of criminalizing criticism of the government

1920–1939

• Missouri v. Holland, 252 U.S. 416 (1920): states’ rights
• Balzac v. Porto Rico, 258 U.S. 298 (1922):, sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases
• Federal Baseball Club v. National League, 259 U.S. 200 (1922):, baseball and antitrust regulation
• Moore v. Dempsey, 261 U.S. 86 (1923): mob-dominated trials, federal writ of habeas corpus, due process
• Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 261 U.S. 525 (1923): freedom of contract, minimum wage laws
• United States v. Ninety-Five Barrels (More or Less) Alleged Apple Cider Vinegar, 265 U.S. 438 (1924): legality of misleading but factually accurate packaging statements under the Food and Drug Act
• Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925): privacy
• Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925): prosecution of seditious speech
• Myers v. United States, 272 U.S. 52 (1926):
• Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926): zoning, due process
• Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927): compulsory sterilization, eugenics
• Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927): prosecution of criminal syndicalism
• Stromberg v. California, 283 U.S. 359 (1931):
• Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931): freedom of speech, prior restraints
• New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262 (1932):
• Powell v. Alabama, 287 U.S. 45 (1932):
• Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 (1935): delegation of authority, New Deal
• Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935): interstate commerce, New Deal
• West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937): freedom of contract, minimum wage laws; “the switch in time that saved nine”
• National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, 301 U.S. 1 (1937): interstate commerce; another consequence of “the switch in time that saved nine”
• Connecticut General Life Insurance Company v. Johnson, 303 U.S. 77 (1938):
• Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938): no general federal common law
• United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938): interstate commerce, substantive due process, and (in footnote four) equal protection
• United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174 (1939):

1940–1959

• Chambers v. Florida, 309 U.S. 227 (1940):
• Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941): Commerce Clause
• Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942): fighting words
• Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455 (1942):
• Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942): compulsory sterilization, eugenics
• Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942): Commerce Clause
• West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943): First Amendment, establishment of religion (Pledge of Allegiance)
• Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 (1943)
• Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S. 649 (1944): voting rights, segregation
• Korematsu v. United States, 323 U.S. 214 (1944): internment of Japanese
• International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945): personal jurisdiction of states over corporations in other states
• Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947): First Amendment, establishment of religion
• Oyama v. California, 332 U.S. 633 (1948): California Alien Land Laws, equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment
• Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948): equal protection, racial covenants
• United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., 334 U.S. 131 (1948): Hollywood studios monopoly
• United States v. National City Lines Inc., 334 U.S. 573 (1948): General Motors streetcar conspiracy
• Wheeling Steel Corp. v. Glander, 337 U.S. 562 (1949): due process (Fourteenth Amendment), Commerce Clause
• Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949): Fourteenth Amendment, state court, evidence from unreasonable search and seizure
• Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950): segregation, separate but equal
• McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637 (1950): Fourteenth Amendment, segregation
• Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474 (1951): judicial review of agency decisions
• Dennis v. United States, 341 U.S. 494 (1951): First Amendment and the Smith Act
• Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165 (1952): restriction of police power
• Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U.S. 306 (1952): release time programs
• Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952): presidential power to seize steel mills during strike to ensure wartime production
• Toolson v. New York Yankees, 346 U.S. 356 (1952): basebal and antitrust regulation
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954): segregation, “separate inherently inequal”
• Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954): segregation in the District of Columbia
• Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26 (1954): eminent domain, takings
• Griffin v. Illinois, 351 U.S. 12 (1956): access to court transcript for indigent appeals
• Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957): obscenity
• NAACP v. Alabama, 357 U.S. 449 (1958): freedom of association, privacy of membership lists
• Speiser v. Randall, 357 U.S. 513 (1958):
• Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147 (1959):

1960–1979

• Boynton v. Virginia, 364 U.S. 454 (1960): racial segregation
• McGowan v. Maryland, 366 U.S. 420 (1961): constitutionality of laws with religious origins but secular purposes
• Torcaso v. Watkins, 367 U.S. 488 (1961): oaths, religious test, First Amendment
• Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961): search and seizure, exclusionary rule
• Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962): reapportionment issues
• Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962): school prayer
• Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963): right to counsel
• Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353 (1963): Fourteenth Amendment; right of poor defendants to criminal court appeals
• Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963): constitutionality of mandatory bible reading in public schools
• Gray v. Sanders, 372 U.S. 368 (1963): “one man, one vote”
• Escobedo v. Illinois,378 U.S. 478 (1964): right to remain silent
• Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964): “one man, one vote”
• New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964): freedom of speech, libel
• Banco National de Cuba v. Sabbatino, 376 U.S. 398 (1964): act of state doctrine applies to prevent federal court from holding invalid an act of a foreign country with respect to property within the foreign jurisdiction
• Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964): “one man, one vote” (state senates)
• Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184 (1964): “I know [obscenity] when I see it[.]” – Justice Potter Stewart
• Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, 379 U.S. 241 (1964): interstate commerce, civil rights, public accommodations
• United States v. Continental Can Co., 378 U.S. 441 (1964): antitrust
• Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965): privacy, birth control
• Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1966): obscenity
• Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966):
• Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966): self-incrimination (“right to remain silent”)
• In Re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967): due process, juveniles
• Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967): interracial marriage
• United States v. Wade, 221–223 388 U.S. 218, 221–223 (1967): handwriting
• Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263–267 (1967): handwriting
• United States v. O'Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968): free speech, burning draft cards
• Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968): search and seizure, power of police to stop and frisk suspicious persons
• Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 (1969): freedom of speech in public schools
• Street v. New York, 394 U.S. 576 (1969):
• Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367 (1969): Fairness Doctrine, broadcaster responsibilities, freedom of speech
• Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969): freedom of speech, incitement to riot
• Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254 (1970): procedural due process, hearing requirement
• Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York, 397 U.S. 664 (1970): tax exemption for churches
• Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424 (1971): employment discrimination; disparate effect of employer practices
• Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971): busing authorized to establish school desegregation
• Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971): freedom of speech, fighting words/obscenity, “fuck the draft”
• Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971): establishment of religion, schools, the “Lemon test”
• New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971): freedom of the press, national security, Pentagon Papers
• Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972): freedom of religion, high school education
• Flood v. Kuhn, 407 U.S. 258 (1972): baseball and antitrust regulation
• Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972): death penalty, cruel and unusual punishment
• Perry v. Sindermann, 408 U.S. 593 (1972): First Amendment; defacto professor tenure
• Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665 (1972): First Amendment; grand jury, journalists’ rights
• United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1 (1973): handwriting
• United States v. Mara aka Marasovich, 410 U.S. 19 (1973): handwriting
• Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973): abortion, due process, privacy
• Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973): freedom of speech, Miller test for obscenity
• Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241 (1974): freedom of speech
• United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974): judicial review, executive privilege, separation of powers
• Milliken v. Bradley, 418 U.S. 717 (1974): segregation, busing
• Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976): death penalty
• Stump v. Sparkman, 435 U.S. 349 (1978): judicial immunity
• Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 435 U.S. 519 (1978): judicial deference to government agencies
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978): racial discrimination, affirmative action
• FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, 438 U.S. 726 (1978): obscenity, FCC policing of obscenity

1980–1999

• Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980): patentability of genetically modified organisms
• Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n, 447 U.S. 530 (1980): freedom of speech (companies including information inserts with bills)
• United States v. Lee, 455 U.S. 252 (1982): religious opposition to participation in Social Security
• Board of Education, Island Trees School District v. Pico, 457 U.S. 853 (1982): right to remove "objectionable" books from school libraries
• Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982): illegal immigrants and public education
• Bob Jones University v. United States, 461 U.S. 574 (1983): freedom of religion and tax exemptions
• Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032 (1983): “adequate and independent state ground”
• Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios, 464 U.S. 417 (1984): copyright, VCR “time-shifting”, fair use
• Lynch v. Donnelly, 465 U.S. 668 (1984): public religious display on private property
• Bernal v. Fainter, 467 U.S. 216 (1984): citizenship of notaries public
• Chevron, Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984): judicial review of the interpretation of statutes by government agencies
• Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737 (1984): standing to sue for executive action alleged to promote racial discrimination by third parties
• Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority, 469 U.S. 528 (1985): application of minimum wage laws to state governments
• Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985): school sponsorship of voluntary religious observances
• Thornton v. Calder, 472 U.S. 703 (1985): constitutionality of Sabbath laws
• Dowling v. United States, 473 U.S. 207 (1985): copyright infringement as theft
• Witters v. Washington Department of Services For the Blind, 474 U.S. 481 (1985): constitutionality of public aid paid directly to students of Christian colleges
• Nix v. Whiteside, 475 U.S. 157 (1986): attorney-client privilege
• Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986): peremptory challenge, racial discrimination
• Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57 (1986): sexual harassment
• Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986): sodomy and substantive due process; overruled by Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
• Bethel School District v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986): censorship of obscene speech at a school assembly
• Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78 (1987): free speech and marriage rights of prison inmates
• Edwards v. Aguillard, 482 U.S. 578 (1987): constitutionality of mandating teaching of creation science in conjunction with theory of evolution
• South Dakota v. Dole, 483 U.S. 203 (1987): use of federal funding to encourage changes in state laws
• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988): freedom of speech in school newspaper
• Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988): First Amendment; parody, emotional distress
• Lying v. Northwest Indian CPA, 485 U.S. 439 (1988): religious rights of Native American vs. public interest
• Morrison v. Olson, 487 U.S. 654 (1988): independent counsel's office
• Thompson v. Oklahoma, 487 U.S. 815 (1988):, Eighth Amendment; cruel and unusual punishment; capital punishment for juveniles under 16
• Community For Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 (1989): copyright, work for hire
• Martin v. Wilks, 490 U.S. 755 (1989):
• Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989): freedom of speech (flag burning)
• Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U.S. 490 (1989): abortion rights
• Maryland v. Craig, 497 U.S. 836 (1990): the right of criminal defendants to confront witnesses
• United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 (1990): freedom of speech (flag burning)
• Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co, 499 U.S. 340 (1991): creativity required for copyright protection
• R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul, 505 U.S. 377 (1992): fighting words, hate speech
• Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577 (1992): First Amendment, establishment of religion (prayer at high school graduations)
• Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992): abortion
• United States Department of Justice v. Landano, 508 U.S. 165 (1993): Freedom of Information Act and confidentiality.
• Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520 (1993): animal cruelty, freedom of religion
• Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District, 508 U.S. 384 (1993): access by religious groups to public school facilities
• Alexander v. United States, 509 U.S. 544 (1993):
• Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993): the Daubert Standard on the admissibility of the opinion of the expert witness.
• Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, 510 U.S. 569 (1994): copyright, commercial fair use is possible, parody
• United States v. Shabani, 513 U.S. 10 (1994): elements of criminal conspiracy (i.e., requirement for an overt act)
• United States v. Alfonso Lopez, Jr., 514 U.S. 549 (1995): interstate commerce, gun-free school zones
• Adarand Constructors v. Peña, 515 U.S. 200 (1995): constitutionality of race-based set-asides (strict scrutiny test)
• Rosenberger v. University of Virginia, 515 U.S. 819 (1995): discrimination by state universities against student religious organizations
• Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995): reasonable public school drug testing is constitutional under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments
• 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. State of Rhode Island, 517 U.S. 484 (1996): restrictions on promotion of alcohol
• Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996): equal protection, homosexuality
• Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997): free speech, obscenity, CDA
• Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, 523 U.S. 75 (1998): applicability of sexual harassment laws to same sex harassment
• Hunt v. Cromartie, 526 U.S. 541 (1999): gerrymandering
• Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank, 527 U.S. 627 (1999): sovereign immunity of the states

2000–present

Decided and reported

Some of the cases in this section have not yet been assigned an official United States Reports citation (e.g., 537 U.S. 186). Those cases use one of the following citations: Supreme Court Reporter (___ S.Ct. ___); Supreme Courts Reports, Lawyer's Edition (___ L.Ed. ___) [1]; or U.S. Law Week [2]. See Court citation, Unpublished decisions for additional guidance.

• United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000):
• Boy Scouts of America v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000): right of free association, homosexuality
• Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000): vote recounts in presidential election
• Easley v. Cromartie, 532 U.S. 234 (2001): racial discrimination, gerrymandering
• Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, 536 U.S. 765 (2002): election of state judges, freedom of speech
• Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003): copyright duration
• Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244 (2003): racial discrimination, affirmative action, equal protection
• Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003): racial discrimination, affirmative action, equal protection
• Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003): liberty, due process, homosexuality
• McConnell v. FEC, 540 U.S. 93 (2003): First Amendment; political speech
• Doe v. Chao, 540 U.S. 614 (2004): governmental violation of privacy rights
• Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004): out-of-court statements

Decided, but not yet reported

The cases in this section are recently decided and have not yet been published in a reporter. They are identified using their Supreme Court docket number. The date listed is the date of decision

• 02–891 (6/7/04) Central Laborers’ Pension Fund v. Heinz, 124 S.Ct. 2230 (2004): an ambiguity in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act

• 03–358 (6/7/04) Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen, 124 S.Ct. 2204 (2004): Presidential foreign affairs and foreign trade actions

• 03–167 (6/14/04) United States v. Dominguez Benitez, 124 S.Ct. 2333 (2004): responsibility of a defendant in the case of a violation of Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11

• 02–1624 (6/14/04) Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, 542 U.S. __ (2004): validity of “under God” in Pledge of Allegiance; standing to bring suit on another’s behalf.

• 02–572 (6/21/04) Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 542 U.S. __ (2004): foreign tribunals

• 03–5554 (6/21/04) Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, 542 U.S. __ (2004): constitutionality of state law requiring citizens to identify themselves to police.

• 02–1632 (6/24/04) Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. __ (2004): right to jury trial, judge-enhanced criminal sentences

• 03–6696 (6/28/04) Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 542 U.S. __ (2004): detention of American citizens

• 03–334 (6/28/04) Rasul v. Bush, 542 U.S. __ (2004): jurisdiction over foreign nationals detained in Guantanamo Bay

• 03–1027 (6/28/04) Rumsfeld v. Padilla, 124 S.Ct. 2230 (2004): detention of American citizens

• 04–104 (1/12/05) United States v. Booker, 542 U. S. __ (2005): Sixth Amendment; constitutionality of mandatory minimum sentences in federal courts

• 03–633 (3/1/05) Roper v. Simmons, 543 U. S. __ (2005): Eighth Amendment; cruel and unusual punishment; capital punishment for juveniles under 18 (compare Thompson v. Oklahoma from 1988)

• 03–1395 (3/2/05) Tenet v. Doe, 544 U. S. __ (2005): enforceability of contracts between the government and spies (undercover CIA agents)

• 03–750 (4/26/05) Small v. United States (2004): resolution of split appeals court decisions on inclusion of foreign courts in the term “any court”

Not yet decided

The following is a partial list of cases awaiting decisions. The first number on each line is that case's docket number. The date listed before each case is that of the most recent oral arguments for each case. Transcripts of recently argued cases are available from the Court's website.

• 03–1454 (11/29/04) Ashcroft v. Raich (2004): legitimacy of using marijuana as a medicine, and power of the federal government to regulate intrastate activities.
• 04–108 (2/22/05) Susette Kelo et al. v. City of New London et al. (2005): eminent domain; takings of private property for private development

• 03–1388 (2/28/05) Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd. (2005): applicability of the Americans with Disabilities Act to foreign-held companies
• 03–1693 (3/02/05) McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky (2005): constitutionality of a Ten Commandments display; potential reformulation of the Lemon test
• 03–1500 (3/02/05) Van Orden v. Perry (2005): legality of a Ten Commandments display

• 03–1488 (3/22/05) Tory v. Cochran (2005): preenjoinment of free speech
• 04–480 (3/27/05) MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005): Copyright infringement in P2P file-sharing; re-examination of Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios
• 04–617 (TBD) Stewart v. United States (2005): applicability of Commerce Clause in criminalizing private homemade automatic firearms
• 03–1237 (4/20/05 – scheduled) Merck KGaA, Petitioner v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd., et al.
• 04–368 (4/27/05 – scheduled) Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States (2005): legality of document destruction in the face of likely government investigation