July 1

July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining.

Events

• 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders under Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Turkish army under Qilich Arslan I.
• 1690 – Battle of the Boyne as reckoned under Julian calendar.
• 1782 – American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
• 1858 – The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.
• 1862 – Russian State Library is founded
• 1863 – American Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg begins.
• 1867 – The British North America Act takes effect as the constitution of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation; John A. Macdonald sworn as first Prime Minister.
• 1870 – The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
• 1873 – Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
• 1878 – Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1881 – World's first international telephone call, between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and [[Calais, Maine], USA].
• 1881 – General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organisation, came into effect.
• 1885 – United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
• 1890 – Canada and Bermuda linked by telegraph cable.
• 1904 – Games of the III Olympiad open in Saint Louis, Missouri.
• 1916 – First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 20,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed, and 40,000 wounded.
• 1931 – Official opening of Milan Central Station.
• 1923 – Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
• 1935 – Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in On-to-Ottawa-Trek.
• 1947 – The Australian real estate franchise L. J. Hooker lists on the Australian Stock Exchange
• 1948 – Official opening of New York International Airport (now known as John F. Kennedy International Airport) at Idlewild.
• 1957 – The International Geophysical Year begins (until December 31, 1958).
• 1958 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
• 1958 – Flooding of the St. Lawrence Seaway begins.
• 1960 – Independence of Somalia.
• 1962 – Independence of Rwanda.
• 1962 – Independence of Burundi.
• 1963 – ZIP Code introduced for United States mail.
• 1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
• 1966 – First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto.
• 1967 – The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
• 1968 – The CIA's Phoenix Program is officially established.
• 1968 – Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1968 – Formal separation of the United Auto Workers with the AFL-CIO.
• 1969 – Rock group The Band release their influential debut Music From Big Pink.
• 1972 – Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins of the Red Army Faction are captured in Frankfurt after a shootout with the police.
• 1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman.
• 1980 – O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
• 1983 – A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashed into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
• 1986 – In an interview with Playboy magazine, science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke comes out as a bisexual.
• 1987 – Excavation begins on the Channel Tunnel.
• 1988 – Bologna, Italy: Quartetto Cetra's last concert after over forty years' musical career.
• 1990 – East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved.
• 1997 – The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• 1999 – At the first meeting of the Scottish Parliament in nearly three centuries, Winnie Ewing opened with the famous words, "The Scottish Parliament, adjourned on the 25th day of March in the year 1707, is hereby reconvened."
• 2000 – Vermont's civil unions law goes into effect.
• 2002 – A Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev TU-154 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over southern Germany, killing 71.
• 2003 – 500,000 people take part in a march in Hong Kong to protest, amongst other things, the government's handling of the plans to implement a new anti-subversion law required under Article 23 of Hong Kong's Basic Law.
• 2004 – 530,000 people take part in a march in Hong Kong to urge for faster pace of democratisation and universal suffrage, according to Article 45 and Article 68 of Hong Kong's Basic Law.
• 2004 – Saturn Orbit Insertion of Cassini-Huygens begins at 01:12 UT and ends at 02:48 UT.

Births

• 1646 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, mathematician, philosopher (d. 1716)
• 1782 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, British Whig politician and prime minister (b. 1730)
• 1804 – George Sand (Amantine Aurore Lucile Dupin), writer (d. 1876)
• 1863 – William Stairs, Victorian explorer (d. 1892)
• 1879 – William Strunk Jr., grammarian (d. 1946)
• 1872 – Louis Blériot, first man to fly across the English Channel (d. 1936)
• 1899 – Charles Laughton, Academy Award winning actor (d. 1962)
• 1899 – Thomas A. Dorsey, father of gospel music (d. 1993)
• 1902 – William Wyler, three-time Academy Award winning director (d. 1981)
• 1903 – Amy Johnson, aviator (d. 1941)
• 1906 – Estée Lauder, cosmetics pioneer (d. 2004)
• 1908 – Peg Entwistle, Aspiring actress, (d. 1932)
• 1909 – Bill Stern, sportscaster
• 1912 – David R. Brower, founder of many environmentalist organizations (d. 2000)
• 1916 – Olivia de Havilland, actress
• 1917 – Rolf Rodenstock, industrialist (d. 1977)
• 1930 – Bobby Day, singer (d. 1990)
• 1931 – Leslie Caron, actress
• 1934 – Jean Marsh, actress, originator of Upstairs, Downstairs
• 1934 – Sydney Pollack, film director, producer, actor
• 1934 – Jamie Farr, actor
• 1941 – Twyla Tharp, choreographer
• 1941 – Alfred G. Gilman, scientist, 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1942 – Andraé Crouch, singer, conductor, actor
• 1942 – Geneviève Bujold, actress
• 1945 – Deborah Harry, musician, Blondie
• 1946 – June Montiero, singer formerly of the group the Toys
• 1951 – Fred Schneider, keyboardist, The B-52's
• 1952 – Dan Aykroyd, actor
• 1960 – Evelyn King, singer
• 1961 – Diana, Princess of Wales, (d. 1997)
• 1961  – Carl Lewis, American athletics legend, nine-time Olympic gold medalist
• 1961  – Michelle Wright, singer/guitarist, songwriter, drummer
• 1965 – Harald Zwart, Norwegian film director
• 1967 – Pamela Anderson, actress
• 1971 – Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott, hip hop artist
• 1972 – Claire Forlani, actress
• 1976 – Patrick Kluivert, Dutch football player
• 1976  – Ruud van Nistelrooy, Dutch football player
• 1977 – Jarome Iginla, NHL hockey player
• 1977  – Liv Tyler, actress
• 1982 – Carmella DeCesare, American model who was Playboy's Playmate of the Year for 2004

Deaths

• 868 – Ali al-Hadi, Shia Imam (b. 828)
• 1109 – Alfonso VI of Castile
• 1277 – Baibars, Mameluk sultan of Egypt
• 1566 – Nostradamus, astrologer
• 1784 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (b. 1710)
• 1819 – Jemima Wilkinson, preacher
• 1894 – Allan Pinkerton, American private detective
• 1896 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author
• 1925 – Erik Satie, French composer
• 1944 – Tanya Savicheva, young Russian girl
• 1950 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish architect, father of Eero Saarinen (b. 1873)
• 1961 – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French writer (b. 1894)
• 1964 – Pierre Monteux, French conductor (b. 1875)
• 1965 – Wally Hammond, English cricketer
• 1974 – Juan Domingo Perón, President of Argentina (b. 1895)
• 1983 – R. Buckminster Fuller, American architect and philosopher
• 1984 – Moshe Feldenkrais, Ukrainian-born educator
• 1991 – Michael Landon, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1936)
• 1995 – Wolfman Jack, radio personality (b. 1939)
• 1996 – William T. Cahill, Governor of New Jersey
• 1997 – Robert Mitchum, American actor
• 1999 – Edward Dmytryk, director
• 1999  – Forrest Mars Sr., American candy magnate
• 1999  – Sylvia Sidney, actress (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Walter Matthau, American actor
• 2003 – Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist
• 2003 – Wesley Mouzon, boxer
• 2003 – N!xau, Namibian bushman who appeared in The Gods Must Be Crazy
• 2004 – Marlon Brando, American actor

Holidays and observances

• Canada Day (formerly Dominion Day) – national holiday of Canada
• Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
• World Architecture Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day

June 30 – July 2 – June 1 – August 1 — listing of all days