Jieqi
A Jiéqì is one of 24 points spaced 15° apart along the ecliptic used by all traditional East Asian lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons. Because the Sun's speed along the ecliptic varies depending on the Earth-Sun distance, the number of days that it takes the Sun to travel between each pair of jiéqì varies slightly throughout the year. Jiéqìs originated in China, then spread to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.
| Jieqi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | Japanese name | Korean name | Vietnamese name | ||||
| Traditional Chinese: | 節氣 | Kana: | せっき | Hangul: | 절기 | Quốc Ngữ: | tiết khí |
| Simplified Chinese: | 节气 | Kanji: | 節気 | Hanja: | 節氣 | ||
| Hanyu Pinyin: | jiéqì | Hepburn: | sekki | Revised Romanization: | jeolgi | ||
| Wade-Giles: | Nihon-shiki: | sekki | McCune-Reischauer: | jǒlki | |||
| Longi- tude | Chinese name ¹ | Japanese name | Korean name ² | Vietnamese name | Date ³ | Usual Translation | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 315° | 立春 lìchūn | 立春 risshun | 입춘(立春) ipchun | Lập xuân | Feb 4 | start of spring | |
| 330° | 雨水 yǔshuǐ | 雨水 usui | 우수(雨水) usu | Vũ thủy | Feb 19 | rain water | more rain than snow |
| 345° | 驚蟄(惊蛰) jīngzhé | 啓蟄 keichitsu | 경칩(驚蟄) gyeongchip | Kinh trập | Mar 5 | awakening of insects | lit. awakening of hibernating insects. See the note on the Chinese calendar – Jieqi. |
| 0° | 春分 chūnfēn | 春分 shunbun | 춘분(春分) chunbun | Xuân phân | Mar 21 | vernal equinox | lit. spring division (or center) |
| 15° | 清明 qīngmíng | 清明 seimei | 청명(清明) cheongmyeong | Thanh minh | Apr 5 | clear and bright | time for tending graves |
| 30° | 穀雨 gǔyǔ | 穀雨 kokuu | 곡우(穀雨) gogu | Cốc vũ | Apr 20 | grain rain | lit. millet rain: rain helps millet grow |
| 45° | 立夏 lìxià | 立夏 rikka | 입하(立夏) ipa | Lập hạ | May 6 | start of summer | |
| 60° | 小滿(小满) xiǎmǎn | 小満 shōman | 소만(小滿) soman | Tiểu mãn | May 21 | grain full | grains are plump |
| 75° | 芒種(芒种) mángzhòng | 芒種 bōshu | 망종(芒種) mangjong | Mang chủng | Jun 6 | grain in ear | lit. awns (beard of grain) grow |
| 90° | 夏至 xiàzhì | 夏至 gesshi | 하지(夏至) haji | Hạ chí | Jun 21 | summer solstice | lit. summer extreme (of sun's height) |
| 105° | 小暑 xiǎoshǔ | 小暑 shōsho | 소서(小暑) soseo | Tiểu thử | Jul 7 | minor heat | |
| 120° | 大暑 dàshǔ | 大暑 taisho | 대서(大暑) daeseo | Đại thử | Jul 23 | major heat | |
| 135° | 立秋 lìqiū | 立秋 risshū | 입추(立秋) ipchu | Lập thu | Aug 7 | start of autumn | |
| 150° | 處暑(处暑) chùshǔ | 処暑 shosho | 처서(處暑) cheoseo | Xử thử | Aug 23 | limit of heat | lit. dwell in heat |
| 165° | 白露 báilù | 白露 hakuro | 백로(白露) baekro | Bạch lộ | Sep 8 | white dew | condensed moisture makes dew white |
| 180° | 秋分 qiūfēn | 秋分 shūbun | 추분(秋分) chubun | Thu phân | Sep 23 | autumnal equinox | lit. autumn division (or center) |
| 195° | 寒露 hánlù | 寒露 kanro | 한로(寒露) hallo | Hàn lộ | Oct 8 | cold dew | |
| 210° | 霜降 shuāngjiàng | 霜降 sōkō | 상강(霜降) sang-gang | Sương giáng | Oct 23 | frost descent | appearance of frost and descent of temperature |
| 225° | 立冬 lìdōng | 立冬 rittō | 입동(立冬) ipdong | Lập đông | Nov 7 | start of winter | |
| 240° | 小雪 xiǎoxuě | 小雪 shōsetsu | 소설(小雪) soseol | Tiểu tuyết | Nov 22 | minor snow | |
| 255° | 大雪 dàxuě | 大雪 taisetsu | 대설(大雪) daeseol | Đại tuyết | Dec 7 | major snow | |
| 270° | 冬至 dōngzhì | 冬至 tōji | 동지(冬至) dong-ji | Đông chí | Dec 22 | winter solstice | lit. winter extreme (of sun's height) |
| 285° | 小寒 xiǎohán | 小寒 shōkan | 소한(小寒) sohan | Tiểu hàn | Jan 6 | minor cold | |
| 300° | 大寒 dàhán | 大寒 daikan | 대한(大寒) daehan | Đại hàn | Jan 20 | major cold |
- Simplified Chinese name is shown in parentheses if it differs from the traditional name.
- Hanja is indicated in parentheses.
- Date can vary within the ±1 day range.