January 9

January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 356 days remaining (357 in leap years).

Events

• 1431 – Trial of Joan of Arc began in Rouen, the seat of the English occupation government.
• 1760 – Afghans defeat Marathas in Battle of Barari Ghat.
• 1768 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London).
• 1788 – Connecticut becomes the fifth state to join the United States.
• 1793 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a balloon in the United States.
• 1806 – Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson is buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.
• 1839 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
• 1857 – Fort Tejon earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.9
• 1861 – Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the American Civil War.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Hindman
• 1878 – Humbert I becomes King of Italy.
• 1880 – Great Gale of 1880 devastates parts of Oregon and Washington with high wind and heavy snow.
• 1882 – Oscar Wilde gives his first lecture on "The English Renaissance of Art" in New York.
• 1894 – New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts.
• 1903 – Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the famous poet Alfred Tennyson, became the second Governor-General of Australia
• 1905 – According to the Julian Calendar which was used at the time, Russian workers stage a march on the Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Czarist troops known as Bloody Sunday, setting off the Russian Revolution of 1905.
• 1912 – Marines invade Honduras.
• 1916 – The Ottoman Empire prevailed in the Battle of Çanakkale, as the last British troops evacuated.
• 1917 – Battle of Rafa
• 1923 – Juan de la Cierva makes first autogiro flight.
• 1929 – The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to assist the blind (Nashville, Tennessee).
• 1937 – The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States.
• 1945 – The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.
• 1951 – United Nations headquarters officially opens in New York City.
• 1956 – First "Dear Abby" column appears in newspapers.
• 1960 – Construction of the Aswan Dam begins in Egypt.
• 1964 – Several Panamanian youths put up the Panamanian flag, and are fired on from the Canal Zone, setting off four days of anti-imperialist insurrection around the country.
• 1972 – RMS Queen Elizabeth is destroyed by fire (Hong Kong harbor).
• 1977 – Super Bowl XI: Oakland Raiders defeat Minnesota Vikings, 32–14.
• 1984 – Clara Peller is featured in the "Where's the Beef?" commercial campaign for Wendy's Restaurants for the first time.
• 1986 – After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.
• 1989 – The Sega Genesis is released in New York, New York and Los Angeles, California.
• 1991 – The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.
• 1995 – Valeri Poliakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record.
• 1996 – Sun Microsystems announced the formation of JavaSoft.
• 1997 – A Comair Embraer 120 crashes during approach into Detroit Metro. Airport killing 29.
• 2002 – The United States Department of Justice announces it is going to pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.
• 2005 – Elections scheduled to replace Yasser Arafat.

Births

• 1554 – Pope Gregory XV (d. 1623)
• 1574 – Christoph Buel, composer
• 1589 – Ivan Gundulic, Croatian poet (d. 1638)
• 1620 – Johann Weichmann, composer
• 1685 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist (d. 1766)
• 1695 – John E Loovens, lawyer
• 1699 – Robert J Pothier, French lawyer
• 1728 – Thomas Warton, poet laureate of England (d. 1790)
• 1748 – Stefan Paluselli, composer
• 1790 – Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, Swedish poet
• 1811 – Gilbert Abbott a Beckett, English writer (d. 1856)
• 1815 – William Jackson, composer
• 1820 – Pavel Krizkovsky, composer
• 1829 – Thomas William Robertson, English playwright (d. 1871)
• 1829 – Adolf von Schlagintweit, German explorer
• 1839 – John Knowles Paine, composer
• 1843 – Christiaan A Ulder, composer
• 1851 – Giuseppi Gallignani, composer
• 1851 – Luis Coloma, Spanish Jesuit writer, theologian
• 1854 – Jennie Jerome, American society beauty (d. 1921)
• 1856 – Anton Aškerc, Slovenian priest, poet (d. 1912)
• 1856 – Lizette Woodworth Reese, poet
• 1856 – Stevan Mokranjac, composer
• 1857 – Henry B. Fuller, writer
• 1859 – Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, women's rights leader, founder of the League of Women Voters
• 1859 – Frederik Pijper, Dutch vicar, church historian
• 1864 – Vladimir Steklov, Russian mathematician (d. 1926)
• 1866 – Albert Baertsoen, Flemish painter, etcher
• 1867 – Jacques Urlus, Dutch opera singer
• 1868 – S. P. L. Sørensen, Danish chemist (d. 1939)
• 1870 – Joseph B Strauss, civil engineer, builder of the Golden Gate Bridge (d. 1938)
• 1873 – Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian Jewish poet, translator (d. 1934)
• 1875 – Gertrude Whitney, American sculptor (d. 1942)
• 1876 – Hans Bethge, writer
• 1879 – John Broadus Watson, American behaviorist psychologist (d. 1958)
• 1881 – Lascelles Abercrombie, British poet, critic (d. 1938)
• 1881 – Giovanni Papini, Italian, writer
• 1890 – Karel Čapek, Czech writer (d. 1938)
• 1890 – Kurt Tucholsky, German journalist, writer, satirist, social critic, (d. 1935)
• 1891 – August Gailit, Estonian, writer
• 1892 – Eva Bowring, American politician (d. 1985)
• 1894 – Henryk Stazewski, Polish abstract painter, graphic artist
• 1897 – Luis Gianneo, composer
• 1897 – Karl Löwith, German philosopher, (d. 1973)
• 1898 – Gracie Fields, English music hall/vaudeville performer, (d. 1979)
• 1898 – Vilma Banky, Hungarian actress
• 1899 – Alexander Tcherepnin, composer
• 1900 – Joseph Frederick Wagner, composer
• 1901 – Chic Young, cartoonist (d. 1973)
• 1902 – Rudolph Bing, opera manager (d. 1997)
• 1902 – Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish religious author (d. 1975)
• 1904 – George Balanchine, Russian dancer, choreographer, ballet producer (d. 1983) (O.S.)
• 1908 – Simone de Beauvoir, French author (d. 1986)
• 1911 – Richard Selwyn Francis Schiling, professor of occupational health
• 1911 – Stafford William Somerfield, British newspaper editor
• 1912 – Ralph Tubbs, British architect
• 1913 – Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (d. 1994)
• 1913 – Lavad 'Dr Hepcat' Durst, musician
• 1913 – Peter John Norton, diplomat, artist
• 1914 – Kenny (Klook) Clarke, jazz drummer, composer
• 1914?- Gypsy Rose Lee, American burlesque actress (d. 1970)
• 1915 – Fernando Lamas, Argentine actor (d. 1982)
• 1915 – Les Paul, American guitarist, inventor
• 1916 – Vic Mizzy, American orchestra leader
• 1917 – Herbert Lom, Czech actor
• 1920 – Clive Dunn, British actor
• 1921 – Seymour Barab, composer
• 1922 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, President of Guinea (d. 1984)
• 1922 – Har Gobind Khorana, Indian biochemist
• 1924 – Julián B Coco, guitarist, bassist
• 1925 – Lee Van Cleef, American actor (d. 1989)
• 1925 – Abdelhamid Benhadugah, novelist
• 1928 – Judith Krantz, American author
• 1928 – Domenico Modugno, Italian singer/songwriter
• 1929 – Heiner Muller, German dramatist (d. 1995)
• 1929 – Dorothea Puente, American serial killer
• 1931 – Algis Budrys, American science fiction author
• 1931 – Geoffrey Wragg, British reorganizer
• 1932 – Robert P. Casey, American politician (d. 2000)
• 1933 – Sonia Garmers, author
• 1934 – Bart Starr, American football star
• 1935 – Bob Denver, American actor
• 1935 – Dick Enberg, American sportscaster
• 1935 – Kenneth 'Buddy' Scott, blues guitarist, singer
• 1936 – Peter Fletcher, music teacher
• 1936 – Anne Rivers Siddons, writer
• 1937 – K Schlesinger, writer
• 1938 – Aad Kosto, theologian, actor, assistant Secretary of Justice of the Netherlands
• 1940 – Jimmy Boyd, American actor, singer
• 1940 – Barbara Buczek, Polish composer (d. 1993)
• 1940 – Ruth Dreifuss, Swiss politician
• 1941 – Joan Baez, American folk music singer, activist
• 1941 – Susannah York, British actress
• 1942 – K Callan, American actress
• 1943 – Dick Yount, rock musician
• 1943 – Kenneth Kelley, American singer
• 1943 – Rob Hoeke, pianist, singer
• 1944 – Scott Engel, singer
• 1944 – Jimmy Page, English rock musician, guitarist (Led Zeppelin)
• 1945 – Frank J. Biondi Jr., president of HBO
• 1945 – Harun Farocki, actor, director
• 1946 – Leo Gullotta, actor
• 1948 – Paul King, musician (Blue Öyster Cult)
• 1950 – David Johansen American singer
• 1950  – Rio Reiser, German singer (d. 1996)
• 1951 – Crystal Gayle, American country music singer
• 1951  – Rosalyn Kind, singer
• 1952 – Hugh Bayley, British politician
• 1952  – Eveline L Herfkens, Dutch MP (PvdA)
• 1954 – Lance Hoppens, musician
• 1955 – J. K. Simmons, American actor
• 1956 – Kimberly Beck, American actress
• 1956  – David Smith, cricket player
• 1958 – Mehmet Ali Agca, Turkish militant, attempted assassin of Pope John Paul II
• 1959 – Rigoberta Menchú, Guatemalan writer
• 1959  – Cristi Minculescu, Romanian musician
• 1963 – Michael Everson, American expert in writing systems and Unicode
• 1963 – Eric Erlandson, American musician (Hole)
• 1965 – Carin Garbarra, football player
• 1965 – Cindy Brooks, rower
• 1965  – Joely Richardson, English actress
• 1967 – Dave Matthews, South African singer, musician
• 1967 – Steve Harwell, American musician (Smash Mouth)
• 1968 – Jimmy Adams, West Indian cricket player
• 1970 – Andrew Leipus, Australian physiotherapist
• 1974 – Craig Wishart, cricketer
• 1978 – Chad Johnson, American football player
• 1978  – AJ McLean, singer ("Backstreet Boys")
• 1980 – Sergio García, Spanish golfer

Deaths

• 1283 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese patriot, executed in Beijing (b. 1236)
• 1499 – Johann Cicero, elector of Brandenburg
• 1514 – Anna, Duchess of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France (b. 1477)
• 1562 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514)
• 1571 – Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (b. 1510)
• 1677 – Aernout van der Neer, Dutch cartoonist, landscape painter (b. 1603)
• 1679 – Werner Fabricius, composer
• 1766 – Thomas Birch, British historian (b. 1705)
• 1798 – Pedro Pablo Abarca d Bolea, Spanish officer
• 1799 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian scientist (b. 1718)
• 1800 – Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (b. 1762)
• 1828 – Pieter Hoen, Dutch journalist, patriot
• 1848 – Caroline Herschel, German-born astronomer (b. 1750)
• 1849 – Jan Kops, agriculturist, vicar
• 1853 – Juan N Gallego, Spanish poet, interpreter
• 1854 – Filippo Traetta, composer
• 1858 – Anson Jones, 5th and last President of Texas (suicide) (b. 1798)
• 1863 – Ferdinand Huber, composer
• 1873 – Emperor Napoleon III of France (b. 1808)
• 1876 – Samuel Gridley Howe, American abolitionist (b. 1801)
• 1878 – King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (b. 1820)
• 1879 – Don Joaquin BF Espartero, Field Marshal, viceroy of Navarre
• 1886 – Jakob Eduard Schmolzer, composer
• 1893 – Mohara, slave trader deluxe
• 1895 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison father of the American System of Watch Manufacturing
• 1901 – Richard Copley Christie, English scholar (b. 1830)
• 1902 – Gustaaf Rolin-Jaequemyns, lawyer, Interior Minister of Belgium
• 1904 – Alfred Richard, cricketer
• 1908 – Abraham Goldfaden, Yiddish stage performer
• 1908 – Wilhelm Busch, German painter (b. 1832)
• 1911 – Edwin Arthur Jones, composer
• 1918 – Émile Reynaud, French scientist (b. 1844)
• 1923 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand writer (b. 1888)
• 1927 – Houston S Chamberlain, race theorist
• 1930 – Edward W Buck, editor (Ladies Home Journal)
• 1931 – Claude Anet, French writer
• 1936 – John Gilbert, American actor (b. 1899)
• 1939 – Johann Strauss III, Austrian conductor
• 1941 – Ko Boezeman, Dutch resistance fighter
• 1943 – Robin G. Collingwood, English philosopher
• 1946 – Countee Cullen, American poet
• 1947 – Karl Mannheim, German sociologist (b. 1893)
• 1947 – Lambertus Zijl, sculptor
• 1949 – Amilcare Zanella, composer
• 1953 – Hans Aanrud, Norwegian author (Storken)
• 1957 – Mary Carr Moore, composer
• 1958 – Paul Fechter, German writer, historian
• 1959 – Paul Malengreau, composer
• 1961 – Emily Green Balch, American author, Nobel laureate
• 1962 – LeRoy B Shield, pianist, composer
• 1966 – Haro Levoni Step'anyan, composer
• 1968 – Louis-François-Marie Aubert, composer
• 1969 – Ladislav Vycpalek, composer
• 1971 – Elmer Flick, American baseball player (b. 1876)
• 1972 – Ted Shawn, American dancer (b. 1891)
• 1975 – John Slater, actor
• 1975 – Pierre Fresnay, actor
• 1977 – Alexey Kozlovsky, composer
• 1978 – Eddie Gilbert, cricketer
• 1979 – Avery Claflin, composer
• 1979 – Sara Carter, American singer, guitarist (b. 1898)
• 1981 – Kazimierz Serocki, composer
• 1984 – Wolfgang Staudte, German director (b. 1906)
• 1985 – Don Brennan, cricketer
• 1985 – Robert Mayer, British businessman, philantropist (b. 1879)
• 1987 – Marion Hutton, American singer
• 1987 – Arthur Lake (actor), American actor
• 1990 – Spud Chandler, baseball player
• 1992 – Steve Brodie, actor
• 1992 – William JF Naughton, playwright
• 1993 – Svetoslav Roerich, Russian painter (b. 1904)
• 1994 – Silas Hogan, blues singer, guitarist,
• 1994 – Johnny Temple, American Major League Baseball second baseman (b. 1927)
• 1995 – Peter Cook, British actor. satirist, writer, comedian (b. 1937)
• 1995 – Souphanouvong, President of Laos (b. 1909)
• 1996 – Mary Nadia Wadia, actress
• 1996 – Kurt Schmucker, Minister of Economy of Germany
• 1996 – Michael Lynn Synar, politician
• 1997 – Edward Osobka-Morawski, Prime Minister of Poland
• 1997 – Jesse White, actor
• 1997 – Junaidu ibn Buhari, scholar
• 1998 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist (1918)
• 2000 – Nigel Tranter, Scottish historian and author (b. 1909)
• 2003 – Wilfried Hasselmann, German politician
• 2003 – Will McDonough, sports journalist
• 2005 – Fritz Aigner, Austrian painter
• 2005  – Gonzalo Gavira, sound effects creator
• 2005  – Bernard Goodall, businessman and former Reading F.C. footballer
• 2005  – Koji Hashimoto, Japanese film director (b. 1936

Holidays and observances

• 1788 – Ratification Day in Connecticut
• 1964 – Memorial day of Patriotic Panamanians for the Panama Canal (Martyrs' Day/Dia de los Martires)
• Roman Catholic – Feast of Saint Adrian
• Eastern Orthodox – Feast of Saint Theophan the Recluse
• Philippines – Feast of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo district, Manila.

External links

• BBC: On This Day

January 8 – January 10 – December 9 – February 9 — listing of all days