Glycosylated hemoglobin

Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb_1c or Hb_A1c) is a form of hemoglobin used primarily to identify the plasma glucose concentration over time.

In the normal 120-day life span of the red blood cell, glucose molecules join hemoglobin, forming glycosylated hemoglobin. In individuals with poorly controlled diabetes, increases in the quantities of these glycosylated hemoglobins are noted.

Once a hemoglobin molecule is glycosylated, it remains that way. A buildup of glycosylated hemoglobin within the red cell reflects the average level of glucose to which the cell has been exposed during its life cycle. Measuring glycosylated hemoglobin assesses the effectiveness of therapy by monitoring long-term serum glucose regulation.

Normal/Healthy values of Hb_A1c is ≤5%