Rulers of Tuscany

Unofficial Medici Rulers of Florence, 1434–1531

• Cosimo de' Medici 1434–1464
• Piero I de' Medici 1464–1469 ("The Gouty")
• Lorenzo I de' Medici 1469–1492 ("The Magnificent")
• Giuliano de' Medici 1469–1478
• Piero II de' Medici 1492–1494
• Republic restored 1494–1512
• Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici 1512–1513
• Lorenzo II de' Medici 1513–1519
• Cardinal Giulio de' Medici 1519–1523
• Ippolito de' Medici 1523–1527
• Alessandro de' Medici 1523–1527
• Republic restored 1527–1530
• Alessandro de' Medici 1530–1531

Medici Dukes of Florence, 1531–1569

• Alessandro de' Medici 1531–1537
• Cosimo I de' Medici 1537–1569

Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569–1737

• Cosimo I de' Medici 1569–1574
• Francesco I de' Medici 1574–1587
• Ferdinando I de' Medici 1587–1609
• Cosimo II de' Medici 1609–1621
• Ferdinando II de' Medici 1621–1670
• Cosimo III de' Medici 1670–1723
• Gian Gastone de' Medici 1723–1737

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1737–1801

• Francis Stephen 1737–1765
• Peter Leopold 1765–1790
• Ferdinand III 1790–1801

Bourbon-Parma Kings of Etruria, 1801–1807

• Louis 1801–1803
• Charles Louis 1803–1807

Tuscany was annexed by France, 1807–1814

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1814–1860

• Ferdinand III (restored) 1814–1824
• Leopold II 1824–1848
• provisional republic 1848–1849
• Leopold II (restored) 1849–1859
• Ferdinand IV 1859–1860

Tuscany annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia, 1860