Bapak

Muhammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo (1901–1987), known as Bapak to his followers, founded the spiritual movement Subud in the period 1924 to 1933.

Bapak, meaning 'father' in Indonesian, is the familiar form of the more polite, more formal 'Pak' given as a courtesy title to all older men in Indonesia. To people participating in the Subud spiritual movement he is referred to as 'Bapak' or, more formally, as 'Pak Subuh'