List of assassinated people

This is an incomplete list of persons who were assassinated; that is, important people who were murdered, usually for ideological or political reasons.

Assassinations in Africa

Algeria

• Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia, by Jugurtha.
• Mohamed Khemisti, (1963), foreign minister of Algeria, in Algiers by an unknown gunman
• Mustafa Bouyali, (1987), Islamic fundamentalist, in Algiers
• Mohamed Boudiaf, (1992), president of Algeria
• Youcef Sebti, (1993), Algerian poet
• Kasdi Merbah, (1993), former Algerian prime minister
• Cheb Hasni (1994), Algerian raï singer
• Lounès Matoub (1998), Algerian singer
• Abdelkader Hachani, (1999), a leader of the Islamic Salvation Front

Burkina Faso

• Thomas Sankara, (1987), military leader of Burkina Faso
• Norbert Zongo, (1998), editor of L'Indépendant newspaper, 50 miles from Ouagadougou

Burundi

• Prince Louis Rwagasore, (1961), Burundian prince and prime minister, by members of a pro-Belgian faction
• Pierre Ngendandumwe, (1965), Burundian prime minister
• Joseph Bamina, (1965), Burundian prime minister
• Ntare V of Burundi, (1975), King of Burundi
• Melchior Ndadaye, (1993), President of Burundi

Chad

• François Tombalbaye, (1975), president of Chad

Comoros

• Ali Soilih, (1978), president of Comoros
• Ahmed Abdallah, (1989), president of Comoros

Congo (Brazzaville)

• Marien Ngouabi, (1977), president of the Republic of the Congo.
• Émile Cardinal Biayenda, (1977), Archbishop of Brazzaville.
• Pierre Anga, (1988), Congolese politician

Congo (Kinshasa)

• Patrice Lumumba, (1961), Prime Minister of the Congo, by Katanga secessionists aided by the CIA and Belgian operatives, in Katanga province
• Laurent-Désiré Kabila, (2001), President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Côte d'Ivoire

• Robert Guéï, (2002), military ruler of Côte d'Ivoire from 1999 to 2000.
• Émile Boga Doudou, (2002), interior minister of Côte d'Ivoire killed on the same day as Guéi as the country plunged into civil war and street fighting occurred in the cities.
• Mohammed Ahmad al-Rasheed, (2003), Saudi Arabian ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire.

Egypt

• Pompey the Great, (48 BC), Roman politician killed in Egypt.
• Germanicus, (19), Roman military leader, poisoned in Alexandria by Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso under orders from Tiberius
• Al-Afdal Shahanshah, (1121), vizier of Fatimid Egypt
• Qutuz, (1260), Mamluk sultan of Egypt
• Khalil, (1293), Mamluk sultan of Egypt
• Boutros Ghali, (1910), Prime Minister of Egypt, by Ibrahim El-Wardan
• Sir Lee Stack, (1924), governor-general of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, in Cairo
• Walter Edward Guinness, Lord Moyne, (1944), the UK's Minister Resident in the Middle East; killed in Cairo by the Stern Gang.
• Ahmed Maher Pasha, (1945), Prime Minister of Egypt, in Cairo by Mahmud Issawy
• Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi, (1948), Prime Minister of Egypt, by a member of the Muslim Brotherhood
• Anwar Sadat, (1981), President of Egypt
• Rifaat al-Mahgoub, (1990), speaker of Egyptian parliament
• Farag Foda, (1992), Egyptian politician and intellectual

Equatorial Guinea

• Atanasio Ndongo Miyone, Saturnino Ibongo, Bonifacio Ondó Edu, Armando Balboa, Pastor Torao and many others, (1969), Equatorial Guinean politicians, in murderous crackdown after coup attempt against President Francisco Macías Nguema.

Ethiopia

• Tilahun Gizaw, (1969), Ethiopian student leader.

Guinea

• Amílcar Cabral, (1973), Pan-African intellectual, in Conakry, Guinea

Kenya

• Tom Mboya, (1969), Kenyan politician
• Josiah Kariuki, (1975), Kenyan politician
• Robert Ouko, (1990), foreign minister of Kenya

Liberia

• William R. Tolbert, Jr., (1980), president of Liberia killed in military coup
• Samuel Doe, (1990), president of Liberia. A semiliterate army officer who himself overthrew and allowed the assassination of William Tolbert. The instability following his death led to the outbreak of full-scale war

Madagascar

• Richard Ratsimandrava, (1975), president of Madagascar killed just days after taking power in military coup

Malawi

• Attati Mpakati, (1983), left-wing Malawian politician

Mozambique

• Carlos Alberto Cardoso, (2000), Mozambican journalist

Niger

• Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, (1999), President of Niger

Nigeria

• Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, (1966), Prime Minister of Nigeria killed during military coup
• Murtala Ramat Mohammed, (1976), President of Nigeria
• Bola Ige, (2001), justice minister of Nigeria

Rwanda

• Dian Fossey, (1985), primatologist, in the province of Ruhengeri; assassination probably planned by Protais Zigiranyirazo
• Agathe Uwilingiyimana (1994), Prime Minister of Rwanda killed one day after genocide began

Somalia

• Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, (1969), president of Somalia
• George Adamson, (1989), British naturalist, at Kora

South Africa

• Shaka, (1828), king of the Zulus, near Stanger (now KwaDukuza) by Dingane and Mhlangana
• Hendrik Verwoerd, (1966), Prime Minister of South Africa, stabbed in parliament by Dimitri Tsafendas
• Onkgopotse Tiro, (1974), South African student leader
• Vernon Nkadimeng, (1985), South African dissident
• Chris Hani, (1993), leader of the South African Communist Party

Tanzania

• Abeid Karume, (1972), first and last President of Zanzibar, First Vice President of Tanzania

Togo

• Sylvanus Olympio, (1963), president of Togo, in a coup lead by Gnassingbé Eyadéma

Tunisia

• Khalil Wazir ("Abu Jihad"), (1988), military leader of the PLO, in Tunis
• Salah Khalaf ("Abu Iyad"), (1991), deputy leader of the PLO killed by Abu Nidal terrorists in Tunis, Tunisia

Uganda

• Benedicto Kiwanuka, (1972), chief minister of Uganda from 1961 until 1962.

Zimbabwe

• Herbert Chitepo, (1975), Zimbabwean politician

Assassinations in Asia

Afghanistan

• Habibullah Khan, (1919), emir of Afghanistan.
• Mohammed Nader Shah, (1933), king of Afghanistan since 1929.
• Mohammed Daoud Khan, (1978), president of Afghanistan killed in communist coup.
• Adolph Dubs, (1979), U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan.
• Nur Mohammad Taraki, (1979), communist president.
• Hafizullah Amin, (1979), communist Prime Minister of Afghanistan killed during Soviet invasion.
• Mohammed Najibullah, (1996), president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992, killed by the Taliban during the capture of Kabul.
• Ahmed Shah Massoud, (2001), leader of the Northern Alliance.
• Abdul Haq, (2001), Northern Alliance commander killed by remnants of the Taliban.
• Abdul Qadir, (2002), vice-president of Afghanistan.
• Abdul Rahman, (2002), Afghan Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism.

Bangladesh

• Mujibur Rahman, (1975), president of Bangladesh.
• Ziaur Rahman, (1981), president of Bangladesh.

Bhutan

• Jigme Palden Dorji, (1964), Prime Minister of Bhutan.

Cambodia

• Ieu Koeus, (1950), briefly prime minister of Cambodia in 1949.

China

• Ferreira do Amaral, (1849), Portuguese Governor of Macau.
• Ries and Henle (1897), German missionaries
• Ito Hirobumi, (1909), Japanese Resident-General of Korea, in Manchuria
• Zhang Zuolin, (1928), Manchurian warlord, by officers of the Japanese Guandong Army

India

• Mohandas Gandhi, (1948), Independence leader.
• Indira Gandhi, (1984), Indian prime minister.
• Rajiv Gandhi, (1991), former Indian prime minister, son of Indira.
• Beant Singh, (1995), chief minister of Punjab.
• Phoolan Devi, (2001), bandit queen turned politician and activist for people of lower castes.
• Abdul Ghani Lone, (2002), moderate leader of Kashmiri muslims

Iran

• Xerxes I, (465 BC), Persian king killed by guards.
• Xerxes II , (423 BC), Persian king killed by his half-brother Sogdianus.
• Sogdianus, (423 BC), Persian king killed by his half-brother Darius II.
• Khosrow I, (238), Armenian king.
• Nader Shah, (1747), Shah of Persia.
• Nasser-al-Din Shah, (1896), Shah of Persia killed by Mirza Reza Kermani.
• Ali Razmara, (1951), Prime Minister of Iran.
• Hassan Ali Mansur, (1965), Prime Minister of Iran.
• Mohammad Beheshti, (1981), killed along with over 60 others in bombing
• Mohammad Ali Rajai, (1981), president and
• Mohammad Javad Bahonar, (1981), Prime Minister of Iran respectively, killed just weeks after taking office.

Iraq

• Gordian III, (244), Roman emperor, near Circesium (modern day Abu Sera) by his troops
• Ali Garmaii, (1996), dissident Iranian Kurdish activist in Halabja, Iraq
• Mohammad Nanva, (1996), dissident Iranian Kurdish activist, in Solaymania, Iraq
• Faisal II, (1958), King of Iraq,
• Nuri Pasha as-Said, (1958), Iraqi politician, and
• Ibrahim Hashim, (1958), Jordanian politician, prime minister several times between the 1930s and shortly before his death – the previous three were all killed during the July 14 military coup in Iraq
• Abdul Razak al-Naif, (1978), former Iraqi prime minister
• Aquila al-Hashimi, (2003), Iraqi Governing Council member
• Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, (2003), ayatollah.
• Sérgio Vieira de Mello, (2003), UN Special Representative in Iraq
• Waldemar Milewicz, (2004), Polish journalist
• Mounir Bouamrane, (2004), Algerian-Polish TV operator, killed alongside with Milewicz
• Hatem Kamil, (2004), deputy governor of Baghdad Province
• Ezzedine Salim, (2004), chairman of the Iraqi Governing Council
• Barawiz Mahmoud, (2005), judge on the Iraqi Special Tribunal

Israel and Palestine

• Hugh II of Le Puiset, (1134), count of Jaffa
• Miles of Plancy, (1174), regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
• Conrad of Montferrat, (1192), King of Jerusalem, leader in the Third Crusade
• Folke Bernadotte, (1948), Middle East peace mediator
• Yitzhak Rabin, (1995), Prime Minister of Israel and 1994 Nobel Peace Prize recipient
• Yahya Ayyash, (1996), Hamas' explosives expert
• Rehavam Zeevi, (2001), Israeli general and politician
• Abu Ali Mustafa, (2001), leader of PFLP
• Salah Shahade, (2002), leader of Hamas' military wing
• Ibrahim al-Makadmeh, (2003), co-founder of Hamas
• Adnan al-Ghoul, (2004), Hamas' explosives expert
• Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, (2004), leader of Hamas
• Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil, (2004), Hamas operative
• Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, (2004), leader and founder of Hamas

Japan

• Emperor Sushun of Japan, (592), Emperor of Japan
• The Sogas, (645), Japanese political family
• Mimura Iechika, daimyo, feudal leader in Japan
• Matsudaira Hirotada, (1549), feudal leader in Japan
• Ouchi Yoshitaka, (1551), daimyo, feudal leader in Japan
• Oda Nobuyuki, (1557), Japanese samurai, younger brother of Oda Nobunaga
• Ashikaga Yoshiteru, (1565), Shogun, feudal leader in Japan
• Yamanaka Shikanosuke, (1578), Japanese samurai
• Oda Nobunaga, (1582), samurai warlord
• Shakushain, (1669), Ainu chief
• Shimazu Nariaki, (1858), Japanese daimyo in Satsuma Province, now Kagoshima prefecture
• Hashimoto Sanai, (1859), Japanese political activist
• Ii Naosuke, (1860), Japanese politician
• Tokugawa Nariaki, (1860), Japanese daimyo, a relative of Tokugawa shoguns
• Serizawa Kamo, (1863), a chief of Shinsen-gumi
• Charles Lenox Richardson, (1862), English diplomat, by Shimazu Hisamitsu's samaurai in Namamugi. Called the Namamugi Incident.
• Yoshida Toyo, (1863), Japanese political activist
• Ikeuchi Daigaku, (1864), Japanese politician
• Kusaka Gennai, (1864), Japanese politician
• Sakuma Shozan, (1864), Japanese politician
• Sakamoto Ryoma, (1867), Japanese author
• Yokoi Shonai, (1869), Japanese political activist
• Sirosawa Saneomi, (1871), Japanese political activist
• Okubo Toshimichi, (1878), Prime Minister of Japan
• Hara Takashi, (1921), Prime Minister of Japan
• Hamaguchi Osachi. (1931), Prime Minister of Japan
• Takuma Dan, (1932), zaibatsu leader
• Inukai Tsuyoshi, (1932), Prime Minister of Japan
• Takahashi Korekiyo, (1936), Prime Minister of Japan
• Isoroku Yamamoto, (1943), Japanese Admiral
• Inejiro Asanuma, (1960), Socialist Party of Japan chairman
• Hitoshi Igarashi, (1991), translated The Satanic Verses into Japanese
• Hideo Murai, (1995), one of the leading members of Aum Shinrikyo
• Koki Ishii, (2002), Japanese politician

Jordan

• Abdullah I, (1951), King of Jordan
• Hazza al-Majali, (1960), Prime Minister of Jordan
• Wasfi at-Tall, (1971), Prime Minister of Jordan
• Laurence Foley, (2004), USAID official, by Al-Qaeda operatives

Korea

• Park Chung Hee, (1979), President of South Korea

Lebanon

• Raymond II of Tripoli, (1152), count of Tripoli
• Kamal Jumblatt, (1977), Lebanese Druze leader
• Bachir Gemayel, (1982), president-elect of Lebanon
• Rashid Karami, (1987), Prime Minister of Lebanon
• René Moawad, (1989), President of Lebanon
• Elie Hobeika, (2002), Lebanese militia leader
• Rafik Hariri, (2005), former Prime Minister of Lebanon
• Bassel Fleihan, (2005), Lebanese legislator and Minister of Economy and Commerce

Myanmar

• Aung San, (1947), Burmese nationalist leader
• Lee Bum Suk, (1983), foreign minister of South Korea, killed along with several other South Korean cabinet members by North Korean agents while visiting Burma

Nepal

• Birendra, (2001), King of Nepal (along with Queen Aiswary and 9 other members of the royal family)

Pakistan

• Liaquat Ali Khan, (1951), Prime Minister of Pakistan
• Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, (1989), militant Islamist, near Peshawar
• Fazle Haq, (1991), former governor of the Northwest Frontier province, Pakistan, from 1978 to 1985.
• Iqbal Masih, (1995), 13-year-old anti-child labor activist, in Rakh Baoli
• Siddiq Khan Kanju, (2001), former foreign minister of Pakistan from 1991 to 1993.

The Philippines

• Benigno Aquino Jr., (1983), senator and politician, leader of his political party
• Romeo Sanchez and Abelardo Ladera, (2005) local Filipino politicians and
• William Tadena, (2005), clergyman with the Philippine Independent Church, by anti-NPA vigilantes

Saudi Arabia

• Umar ibn al-Khattab, (644), second caliph
• Faisal of Saudi Arabia, (1975), king

Sri Lanka

• Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike, (1959), Sri Lankan socialist prime minister killed by Buddhist monk Talduwe Somarama
• Ranasinghe Premadasa, (1993), President of Sri Lanka
• C. V. Gunaratne, (2000), cabinet minister
• Kousalyan, (2005), LTTE politician, by members of the breakaway Tamil National Army. Chandra Nehru, former member of Parliament, also killed.

Syria

• Antiochus II Theos, (246 BC), Seleucid king
• Seleucus III Ceraunus, (223 BC), Seleucid king
• Seleucus IV Philopator, (176 BC), Seleucid king
• Alexander Balas, (146 BC), Seleucid king
• Antiochus VI Dionysus, (138 BC), Seleucid heir to the throne
• Numerian, (285), Roman Emperor, by his father-in-law, Arrius Aper, in Emesa (modern-day Homs)
• Zengi, (1146), ruler of Aleppo and Mosul and founder of the Zengid Dynasty.
• Abdul Rahman Shahbandar, (1940), Syrian nationalist

Turkey

• Caracalla, (217), Roman Emperor, between Edessa and Carrhae (modern-day Sanli Urfa and Harran) by Martialis, possibly under orders of Macrinus
• Aurelian, (275), Roman Emperor, near Caenophrurium (modern-day Corlu)
• Florianus, (276), Roman Emperor, near Tarsus
• Celal Pasha, (1929), former Ottoman Minister for the Navy, in Istanbul
• Nihat Erim, (1980), former prime minister of Turkey, by a Dev Sol operative in Istanbul
• Ahmet Taner Kislali, (1999), politician, university professor and columnist, by Islamist militants in Ankara
• Ugur Mumcu, (1993), writer and newspaper journalist, in Ankara
• Roger Short, (2003), British Consul-General in Istanbul

Vietnam

• Ngo Dinh Nhu, (1963), Vietnamese politician
• Ngo Dinh Diem, (1963), first president of South Vietnam

Yemen

• Yahya ibn Mohammad, (1948), imam of Yemen
• Ibrahim al-Hamadi, (1977), president of North Yemen
• Ahmad al-Ghashmi, (1978), president of North Yemen killed by bomb along with envoy from South Yemen
• Jarallah Omar, (2002), deputy secretary-general of Yemeni Socialist Party

Assassinations in Australia and Oceania

• Haruo Remeliik, (1985), president of the Pacific island of Palau
• Jean-Marie Tjibaou, (1989), New Caledonia opposition leader of FLNKS
• John Paul Newman, (1994), New South Wales state minister and member for Cabramatta
• Ivens Buffett, (2004), Deputy Chief Minister of Norfolk Island

Assassinations in Europe

Austria

• Karl von Stürgkh, (1916), Prime Minister of Austria
• Franz Birnecker, (1923), Austrian labour representative at Semperit
• Engelbert Dollfuss, (1934), chancellor of Austria

Belgium

• Maximiliano Gómez, (1971), Dominican communist leader
• Gerald Bull, (1990), Canadian developer of the Martlet cannon, assassinated by Israeli agents in Brussels, Belgium
• André Cools, (1991), Belgian politician.

Bulgaria

• Stefan Stambolov, (1895), Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• Andrey Lukanov, (1996), former Prime Minister of Bulgaria

Cyprus

• Youssef El-Sebai, (1979) Egyptian writer, in Cyprus

Czech Republic

• Václav I (Saint Wenceslas), (935 or 929), Duke of Bohemia
• Václav III, (1306), King of Bohemia
• Albrecht von Wallenstein, (1634), Czech general during the Thirty Years' War.
• Alois Rašín, (1923), Minister of Finances of Czechoslovakia
• Reinhard Heydrich, (1942), a General in the Nazi German paramilitary corps and governor of occupied Czechoslovakia

Finland

• Bishop Henry, (1156) English bishop in Finland
• Eliel Soisalon-Soininen (1904) attorney General
• Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov (1905) Governor-General of Finland.
• Heikki Ritavuori, (1922), Minister of the Interior of Finland

France

• Henri III, (1589), King of France
• Henri IV, (1610), King of France
• Jean-Paul Marat, (1793), revolutionary
• Marie François Sadi Carnot, (1894), President of France.
• Jean Jaurès, (1914), politician, pacifist
• Gaston Calmette, (1914), editor of Le Figaro newspaper
• Marius Plateau, (1923), secretary of Action Française
• Paul Doumer, (1932), President of France
• Louis Barthou, (1934), foreign minister of France killed along with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia at Marseille
• Ernst vom Rath, (1938), German diplomat in France
• Constant Chevillon, head of FUDOFSI, assassinated in 1944 by Gestapo in Lyon, France
• Camille Blanc, (1961), mayor of Evian
• José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana "Argala" (1978), Basque leader
• Pierre-Jean Massimi, (1983), secretary of the département Haute-Corse
• René Audran, (1985), General
• Georges Besse, (1986), Renault executive
• André Mécili ("Ali Mécili"), (1987), Algerian opposition leader, in France
• Dulcie September, (1988), African National Congress representative, in Paris
• Shahpur Bakhtiar, (1991), Prime Minister of Iran briefly in 1979, stabbed to death at his home in France
• Claude Erignac, (1998), prefect of Corsica

Germany

• Alexander Severus, (235), Roman emperor, near Moguntiacum (present-day Mainz by his troops
• Postumus, (268), Gallic emperor, in Mainz
• Laelianus, (268), Gallic emperor, in Mainz
• Konrad von Marburg, (1233), inquisitor.
• Albert I of Habsburg, German King and Duke of Austria, in 1308, by his nephew John Parricida, whom he had deprived of his inheritance
• Talat Pasha, (1921), former Ottoman Interior Minister, in Berlin by Armo Tehlirian
• Matthias Erzberger, (1921), politician
• Walther Rathenau, (1922), industrialist and politician
• Dr Erich Klausener, (1934), Minister of Police
• Gustav von Kahr, (1934), politician
• General Kurt von Schleicher, (1934), advisor to Reich President Paul von Hindenburg
• Belkacem Krim, (1970), Algerian politician
• Günter von Drenkmann, (1974), Berlin chief justice
• Siegfried Buback, (1977), German attorney general
• Jürgen Ponto, (1977), CEO Dresdner Bank
• Hanns-Martin Schleyer, (1977), president of the German employers' organization
• Heinz-Herbert Karry, (1981), Minister of Economy in Hesse
• Ernst Zimmermann, (1985), industrialist
• Karl Heinz Beckurts, (1986), Siemens executive
• Gerold von Braunmühl, (1986), official in the German Foreign Ministry
• Alfred Herrhausen, (1989), Deutsche Bank CEO
• Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, (1991), director of Treuhandanstalt for former East Germany

Greece

• Hipparchus, (514 BC), tyrant of Athens
• Ephialtes, (461 BC), leader of the radical democracy movement in Athens
• Alcibiades, (404 BC), Athenian general and politician
• Philip II of Macedon, (336 BC), king of Macedon, by Pausanias in Pella
• Seleucus I Nicator, (281 BC), founder of the Seleucid dynasty, near Lysimachia
• Cleon of Sicyon, (272 BC), tyrant of Sicyon
• Tidas, (252 BC), tyrant of Sicyon
• Ioannis Capodistrias, (1831), first president of Greece
• Nikos Momferratos, (1985), Greek newspaper publisher
• Costis Peratikos, (1987), Greek shipowner
• George I of Greece, (1913), king
• George Tsantes, (1983), U.S. military attaché in Athens
• Stephen Saunders, (2000), Brigadier and British military attaché in Athens

Hungary

• István Tisza, (1918), former premier of Hungary

Ireland

• Lord Frederick Cavendish, (1882), Chief Secretary for Ireland
• Thomas Henry Burke, (1882), Permanent Under Secretary for Ireland
• Michael Collins, (1922), President of the Provisional Government and "Old IRAIRA" guerrilla leader
• Kevin O'Higgins, (1927), Irish politician
• Christopher Ewart-Biggs, (1976), British ambassador to Ireland
• Rev. Robert Bradford, (1981), Unionist MP in Northern Ireland

Italy

• Titus Tatius, (748 BC), Sabine king, in Rome
• Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, (579 BC), Etruscan king of Rome, in Rome by the sons of Ancus Marcius
• Servius Tullius, (534 BC), Etruscan king of Rome, in Rome by Tarquin II
• Tiberius Gracchus, (133 BC), Roman tribune, in Rome by Roman senators
• Julius Caesar, (44 BC), Roman general and dictator, in Rome by members of the Roman Senate
• Cicero, (43 BC), Roman orator, outside of Rome under orders from Mark Anthony
• Caligula, (41), Roman Emperor, in Rome by Cassius Chaerea through a conspiracy with the Praetorian guard and the Senate
• Claudius, (54), Roman Emperor, poisoned in Rome by his wife, Agrippina
• Vitellius, (69), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Flavian army
• Galba, (69), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders from Otho
• Domitian, (96), Roman Emperor, in Rome by Stephanus, steward to Julia Flavia
• Commodus, (192), Roman Emperor, killed in Rome by Narcissus the wrestler
• Pertinax, (193), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
• Didius Julianus, (193), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
• Publius Septimius Geta, (212), Roman Emperor, in Rome by centurions under orders of Caracalla
• Elagabalus, (222), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders of Julia Maesa and Julia Mamaea
• Maximinus Thrax, (238), Roman Emperor, outside Aquileia by his troops
• Pupienus, (238), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
• Balbinus, (238), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
• Volusianus, (253), Roman Emperor, near Interamna by his troops
• Trebonianus Gallus, (253), Roman Emperor, near Interamna by his troops
• Pellegrino Rossi, (1848), Italian Minister of Justice
• Umberto I of Italy, (1900), king
• Giacomo Matteotti, (1924), Italian socialist politician
• Benito Mussolini, (1945), fascist Prime Minister of Italy
• Aldo Moro, (1978), former Prime Minister of Italy kidnapped and killed by the Red Brigades
• Leamon Hunt, (1984), U.S. chief of the Sinai Multinational Force and Observer Group (assassinated in Rome)
• Giovanni Falcone, (1992), anti-mafia judge
• Paolo Borsellino, (1992), anti-mafia judge
• Massimo D'Antona, (1999), advisor of the Italian Minister of Labour
• Marco Biagi, (2002), Italian Labor Ministry advisor

Malta

• Fathi Shakaki, (1995), leader of Islamic Jihad

The Netherlands

• William I of Orange, (1584), leader of the Dutch war of independence from Spanish rule (Eighty Years War)
• Johan de Witt, (1672), politician, and his brother
• Cornelis de Witt (1672)
• Pim Fortuyn, (2002), publicist and politician, leader of his political party
• Theo van Gogh, (2004), film director, writer and critic

Poland

• Gabriel Narutowicz, (1922), President of Poland
• Jerzy Popiełuszko, (1984), Polish priest
• Marek Papała, (1998), policeman

Portugal

• Charles of Portugal, (1908), king

Romania

• Mihai Viteazul (1601), Ruler of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania
• Ion Duca, (1933), Prime Minister of Romania
• Armand Călinescu, (1939), Prime Minister of Romania
• Nicolae Iorga, (1940), former Prime Minister of Romania, historian

Spain

• Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, (1897), Prime Minister of Spain
• José Canalejas, (1912), Prime Minister of Spain
• Eduardo Dato Iradier, (1921), Prime Minister of Spain
• Buenaventura Durruti, (1936), Spanish anarchist killed by a sniper
• Federico García Lorca, (1936), Spanish poet and dramatist.
• Mohamed Khider, (1967), Algerian politician, in Madrid.
• Luis Carrero Blanco, (1973), Spanish prime minister.
• Ricardo Tejero Magro, (1985), Spanish Central Bank director.
• Francisco Tomás y Valiente, (1996), former president of the Spanish Constitutional Court.
• Fernando Buesa Blanco, (2000), Basque politician and party leader.
• Ernest Lluch Martín, (2000), former Spanish minister.

Sweden

• Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, (1436), statesman
• King Charles XII of Sweden, (1718)
• King Gustav III of Sweden, (1792)
• Axel von Fersen, (1810),
• Andreas von Mirbach, (1975), German military attaché in Stockholm.
• Heinz Hillegaart, (1975), German diplomat in Stockholm.
• Olof Palme, (1986), Swedish prime minister.
• Anna Lindh, (2003) Minister for Foreign Affairs.

Switzerland

• Albert I of Habsburg, (1308), German King and Duke of Austria, by his nephew John Parricida, whom he had deprived of his inheritance, at Windisch on the Reuss River
• Elisabeth ("Sissi"), (1898), empress of Austria and queen of Hungary, in Geneva
• Vaslav Vorovsky, (1923), Soviet diplomat assassinated in Lausanne
• Wilhelm Gustloff, (1936), German leader of the Swiss Nazi party
• Kazem Rajavi, (1990), Iranian opposition leader, in Geneva

United Kingdom

• Carausius, (293), usurper of the Western Roman Empire
• King Edmund I, (946), king of England, stabbed at a banquet
• Edward the Martyr, (979), King of England
• Thomas Becket, (1170), Archbishop of Canterbury
• Lord Darnley, (1567), Henry Stuart, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots
• James Sharp, (1679), Archbishop of St Andrews, in Fife, near St Andrews
• Spencer Perceval, (1812), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in London by John Bellingham; only British prime minister to be assassinated
• Lord Frederick Cavendish, (1882), Chief Secretary for Ireland
• Thomas Henry Burke, (1882), Permanent Under Secretary for Ireland
• Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, (1922), British field marshal, Conservative politician
• Paddy Wilson of the SDLP murdered in 1972, probably by the Ulster Volunteer Force.
• Ross McWhirter, (1975), co-author of the Guinness Book of Records and far right wing political activist
• Christopher Ewart-Biggs, (1976), British ambassador to Ireland
• Georgi Markov, (1978), Bulgarian dissident
• Airey Neave, (1979), British Conservative politician
• Lord Mountbatten of Burma, (1979), Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India
• Rev. Robert Bradford, (1981), Unionist MP in Northern Ireland
• Ian Gow, (1990), British Conservative politician

Yugoslavia (and successor states)

• Gallienus, (268), Roman emperor, near Naissus
• Probus, (282), Roman emperor. Assassinated at Sirmium
• Carinus, (284), Roman emperor. Assassinated at Margus
• Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie, killed by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, (1914). See: Assassination in Sarajevo
• Milorad Drašković, (1921), Yugoslav interior minister killed by Communist Alija Alijagić.
• Croatian MPs Đuro Basariček, Pavle Radić and Stjepan Radić killed in the Parliament of Kingdom of SHS by Serbian radical MP Puniša Račić, (1928)
• Ivan Kramberger, (1992), Slovenian presidential candidate.
• Irfan Ljubijankić, (1995), foreign minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Željko Ražnatović ("Arkan"), (2000), Serb paramilitary leader
• Pavle Bulatović, (2000), defense minister of Yugoslavia
• Boško Perošević, (2000), prefect of Vojvodina
• Zoran Đinđić, (2003), Prime Minister of Serbia killed by organized crime groups.

Assassinations in North America, Central America and the Caribbean

Bermuda

• Sir Richard Sharples, (1973), governor of Bermuda

Canada

• Thomas D'Arcy McGee, (1868), Canadian father of Confederation.
• George Brown (1880), newspaper editor and Senator
• Sergio Pérez Castillo, (1968), Cuban diplomat killed by anti-Castro forces in Montreal
• Pierre Laporte, (1970), Quebec Minister of Labour.
• Atilla Altžkat, (1982), Turkish diplomat assassinated by Armenian nationalists in Ottawa
• Tara Singh Hayer, (1998), journalist killed by Sikh separatists

Dominican Republic

• Ulises Heureaux, (1899), president of the Dominican Republic
• Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, (1961), Dominican Republic dictator
• Orlando Mazara (1967)
• Flavio Suero (1968)
• Henry Segarra (1969)
• Amín Abel Hasbún (1970)
• Otto Morales (1970)
• Amaury Germán Aristy (1972)
• Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó (1973)
• Gregorio García Castro (1973)
• Florinda Soriano (1974)
• Guido Gil Díaz (1974)
• Orlando Martínez (1975)
• Narciso González (1994)

El Salvador

• Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, (1966), president of El Salvador from 1931 to 1944
• Oscar Romero, (1980), archbishop of San Salvador, by right-wing death squad

Guatemala

• Carlos Castillo Armas, (1957), president of Guatemala
• Karl von Spreti, (1970), German ambassador in Guatemala

Haiti

• Jean-Jacques Dessalines, (1806), Emperor of Haiti

Mexico

• Francisco I. Madero, (1913), President of Mexico
• Emiliano Zapata, (1919), revolutionary
• Enrique Camarena, (1985), policeman
• Venustiano Carranza, (1920), President of Mexico
• Francisco "Pancho" Villa, (1923), revolutionary
• Álvaro Obregón, (1928), President-elect
• Leon Trotsky, (1940), Russian communist leader
• Luis Donaldo Colosio, (1994), Presidential candidate
• José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, (1994), Secretary-General of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional
• Paco Stanley, (1999), Comedian
• Digna Ochoa, (2001), human rights attorney

Nicaragua

• Augusto César Sandino, (1934), Nicaraguan revolutionary
• Anastasio Somoza García, (1956), President of Nicaragua
• Pedro Chamorro, (1978), newspaper editor, Nicaraguan Somoza opposition
• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, (1980), President of Nicaragua

Panama

• José Antonio Remón, (1955), president of Panama

United States

• Joseph Smith, Jr., (1844), Mormon leader, Presidential candidate.
• Henry Heusken, (1861), American diplomat (accompanying Townsend Harris from Amsterdam).
• Abraham Lincoln, (1865), President of the United States.
• Thomas Hindman, (1868), Confederate General.
• Edward Canby, (1873), Union General, leader of a peace confrence
• Crazy Horse, (1877), Oglala Sioux chief killed by American troops.
• James Garfield, (1881), President of the United States
• William Goebel, (1900), Governor of Kentucky
• William McKinley, (1901), President of the United States
• Frank Steunenberg (1905) former governor of Idaho
• Don Mellett, (1926), newspaper editor and campaigner against organized crime
• Anton Cermak, (1933), mayor of Chicago
• Huey P. Long, (1935), Louisiana senator and former governor.
• Curtis Chillingworths, 1955, a Florida judge
• John F. Kennedy, (1963), President of the United States
• Lee Harvey Oswald, (1963), alleged assassin of John F. Kennedy.
• Medgar Evers, (1963), U.S. civil rights activist
• Malcolm X, (1965), (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, born Malcolm Little), leader
• George Lincoln Rockwell, (1967), founder of the American Nazi Party
• Martin Luther King Jr., (1968), U.S. civil rights activist
• Robert F. Kennedy, (1968), Presidential candidate
• Orlando Letelier, (1976), Chilean ambassador to the United States under the administration of Salvador Allende
• Harvey Milk, (1978), gay rights campaigner and city supervisor of San Francisco, California
• George Moscone, (1978), Mayor of San Francisco killed along with Milk
• John Wood, (1979), first US federal judge killed in the twentieth century
• John Lennon, (1980)), musician and member of the Beatles.
• Alan Berg, (1984), Radio talk-show host, killed by Neo-nazis.
• Alejandro González Malave, (1986), famous undercover policeman, in Bayamón, Puerto Rico
• Don Aronow, (1987), inventor of the cigarette boat.
• Ioan P. Culianu, (1991), professor of divinity
• Tommy Burks, (1998), Tennessee State Senator.
• Rowland Barnes, (2005), Atlanta judge

Assassinations in South America

Argentina

• Carlos Prats, (1974), Chilean general

Bolivia

• Manuel Isidoro Belzu, (1865), President of Bolivia
• Mariano Melgarejo, (1871), President of Bolivia
• Juan José Torres, (1976), former President of Bolivia

Brazil

• Chico Mendes, (1988), Brazilian environmental activist
• Dorothy Stang, (2005), American nun killed by business interests

Chile

• René Schneider, (1970), Chilean general

Colombia

• Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, (1948), Colombian Liberal Party leader
• Luis Carlos Galán, (1989), Colombian presidential candidate
• Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa, (1990), Colombian presidential candidate
• Jaime Garzón, (1999), Colombian journalist and satirist

Ecuador

• Gabriel García Moreno, (1875), president of Ecuador known for his support of the Catholic church

Guyana

• Walter Rodney, (1980), Guyanese historian and political figure

Paraguay

• Luis María Argaña, (1999), vice president of Paraguay

Peru

• Francisco Pizarro (1541), Spanish conquistador, in Peru
• Luis Sánchez Cerro, (1933), president of Peru

Venezuela

• Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, (1950), chairman of the military junta of Venezuela
• Danilo Anderson, (2004), State prosecutor

Assassinations in the former Soviet Union

• Peter III of Russia, (1762), Emperor of Russia
• Paul of Russia, (1801), Emperor of Russia
• Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich (1825), military Governor of St.Petersburg
• Nikolay Vladimirovich Mezentsev (1878), Executive Director of the Third Section
• Alexander II of Russia, (1881), Emperor of All the Russias
• Dmitry Sipyagin, (1902), Russian Interior Minister
• Vyacheslav Pleve, (1904), Russian Interior Minister
• Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, (1905), former Governor-General of Moscow
• Peter Stolypin, (1911), Russian Prime Minister
• Grigori Rasputin, (1916), friar, adventurer, mystic wonder-worker
• Wilhelm Mirbach, (1918), German Ambassador in Moscow
• Nicholas II of Russia, (1918), deposed Tsar
• Simon Petlyura, (1926), Ukrainian independence leader
• Sergei Kirov, (1934), Bolshevik party leader in Leningrad
• Giorgi Chanturia, (1994), Georgian opposition leader
• Dzhokhar Dudayev, (1996), first Chechen separatist President and anti-Russian guerrilla leader
• Otakhon Latifi, (1998), Tajik journalist and opposition figure
• Vasgen Sarkissian, (1999), Prime Minister of Armenia
• Georgiy Gongadze, (2000), Ukrainian journalist
• Valentin Tsvetkov, (2002), governor of Magadan
• Georgy Tal, (2004), leading Russian businessman
• Paul Klebnikov, (2004), editor of the Russian edition of Forbes magazine
• Akhmad Kadyrov, (2004), Kremlin-backed President of the Chechen Republic
• Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, (2004), separatist President of Chechnya from 1996 until 1997
• Aslan Maskhadov, (2005), President of Chechnya

People who died under suspicious circumstances

• Nicola Calipari, (2005), Italian intelligence agent
• Zurab Zhvania, (2005), Prime Minister of Georgia
• Enrique Salinas, (2004), brother of former Mexican president Carlos Salinas. Found with a plastic bag over the head in a parked car
• Yassir Arafat, (2004)) conspiracy theorists believe that he was poisoned
• George Bacchus, (2004); accused a Guyanese government minister of links to death squads
• Maj. Gen. Abed Hamed Mowhoush, (2003), Iraqi general, died in American custody
• Paul Wellstone, (2002), liberal Democratic United States Senator from Minnesota, killed in mysterious plane crash during his reelection campaign
• Giorgi Sanaia, (2001), Georgian journalist known for opposition to government, shot in apartment
• Juvénal Habyarimana, (1994), President of Rwanda, and
• Cyprien Ntaryamira, (1994), President of Burundi, killed in mysterious plane crash; the resulting political instability led to the genocide in Rwanda and the outbreak of full-scale war in Burundi
• Pablo Escobar, (1993), head of the Medellín Cartel
• Zviad Gamsakhurdia, (1993), former president of Georgia – apparent suicide, though unconfirmed
• Joseph Rendjambe, (1990), leader of the Gabonese Progress Party. Found dead of poisoning in a hotel owned by President Omar Bongo
• Samora Machel, (1986), President of Mozambique, killed in air crash on the border of South Africa; Machel was a leading anti-Apartheid campaigner
• Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, (1988), military ruler of Pakistan
• Uwe Barschel, (1987), minister-president of Schleswig-Holstein
• Roberto Calvi, (1982), CEO of Banco Ambrosiano, found hanged under Blackfriars Bridge in London
• Eduardo Frei Montalva, 1982, president of Chile from 1964 to 1970
• Omar Torrijos, 1981, brigadier general and president of Panama, died in a plane crash
• Pope John Paul I, (1978), has been contended by author David Yallop to have been assassinated
• Haile Selassie, (1975), Ethiopian emperor who was deposed and imprisoned a year earlier by the military after an eventful reign of over 40 years
• Edmundo Bosio, (1975), dismissed Vice President of Equatorial Guinea
• Aman Mikael Andom, (1974), Ethiopian military figure
• Salvador Allende, (1973), President of Chile, died during a violent coup; either suicide or killed by followers of Augusto Pinochet
• Edward Mutesa, (1969), possibly from poisoning
• Dag Hammarskjöld, (1961), United Nations Secretary General, killed in plane crash in Zaire
• Barthélemy Boganda, (1959), Prime Minister of the Central African Republic, in a plane crash
• Joseph Stalin, (1953), Soviet leader
• Jan Masaryk, (1948), son of TomᚠGarrigue Masaryk Czech diplomat, politician and Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia
• King Ananda Mahidol of Thailand, (1946). Died of gunshot wounds; suicide, accident or assassination
• Ghazi of Iraq, King of Iraq (1939)
• Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian Cyclist (1927)
• S. L. MacGregor-Mathers, well-known magician and occultist, died in 1918 of an unknown cause; it is known that he had many enemies
• Émile Zola, (1902), French author
• Emperor Komei of Japan, (1840), Emperor of Japan
• Pius VIII, (1830), Pope, possibly poisoned
• Napoléon Bonaparte, (1821, French general and emperor
• Moctezuma II, (1520), Aztec emperor. According to Spanish accounts he was killed by his own people, according to Aztec accounts he was murdered by the Spanish.
• Pope Alexander VI, (1503), Roman pope of the 15th century
• Regiomontanus (aka Johannes Müller), (1476), German mathematician and astronomer
• Agnès Sorel, (1450), mistress of King Charles VII of France
• King Jean I of France, (1316)
• King William II of England, (1100), killed by an arrow while hunting
• Flavius Claudius Julianus, (363), Roman emperor
• Carus, (283), Roman emperor

Related articles and lists

• List of people who survived assassination attempts
• List of murdered people
• List of assassinations by car bombing
• List of assassins, assassin, terrorist