Adolf, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Grand Duke Adolphe of Luxembourg, Adolph Wilhelm August Karl Friedrich of Nassau-Weilburg (July 24, 1817 – November 17, 1905) was the last Duke of Nassau, and the fourth Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Adolph became Duke of Nassau in 1839, after the death of his father, William. He supported Austria in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. After Austria's defeat, Nassau was annexed to Prussia. In 1890, when Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands was excluded from the succession to Luxembourg by the Salic Law, the Grand Duchy passed to the dispossessed Duke Adolph. The Grand Dukes of Luxembourg are still descendants of Adolphe, although through female lines.

On January 31, 1844, Adolph married Elisabeth Mikhailovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, who died less than a year afterwards.

On April 23, 1851, he remarried Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, and they had five children, of which only two lived to become prince and princess of Luxembourg. One of them was the eldest son, William (1852–1912), who became Grand Duke at his father's death in 1905.