July 7

July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining.

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Events

• 1456 – Joan of Arc is acquitted of heresy (but she had already been executed).
• 1534 – European colonization of the Americas: First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.
• 1798 – Quasi-War: The U.S. Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the 'war.'
• 1799 – Ranjit Singh's men had taken their positions outside Lahore.
• 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: Peace of Tilsit between France, Kingdom of Prussia and Russia ends the Fourth Coalition.
• 1846 – Mexican War: Acting on instructions from Washington, DC, Commodore John Drake Sloat orders his troops to occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the United States annexation of California.
• 1865 – Civil War: 4 conspirators in the assassination of President Lincoln are hanged; Mary E. Surratt, Lewis T. Powell, David E. Herold, and George A. Atzerodt.
• 1898 – History of United States imperialism: President of the United States William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
• 1917 – Russian Revolution: Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov forms Provisional Government in Russia after the deposing of the tsar.
• 1930 – Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
• 1937 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge – Japanese forces invade Beijing, China.
• 1941 – World War II: American forces land in Iceland to forestall an invasion by the Nazis.
• 1947 – Downed UFO believed to be found in the Roswell UFO incident.
• 1946 – Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American saint to be canonized.
• 1954 – In Memphis, Tennessee, WHBQ becomes the first radio station to air an Elvis Presley record.
• 1958 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into United States law.
• 1959 – 14:28 UT Venus occulted the star Regulus. The rare event which will next occur on October 1, 2044 was used for determining the Venus diametre and the structure of Venus' atmospherer.
• 1969 – French is made equal to English throughout the Canadian national government.
• 1978 – The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1983 – Cold War: Samantha Smith, a U.S. schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Premier Yuri Andropov
• 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: Brioni Agreement ended ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
• 1994 – Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen, completing the reunification of Yemen.
• 2004 – The last patent on the LZW compression algorithm (in Canada) expires.

Births

• 1752 – Joseph-Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834)
• 1855 – Ludwig Ganghofer, writer (d. 1920)
• 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
• 1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist and narrator (d. 1958)
• 1887 – Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (d. 1985)
• 1893 – Miroslav Krleža, Croatian writer (d. 1981)
• 1899 – George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
• 1901 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian director (d. 1974)
• 1901  – Gustav Knuth, actor (d. 1978)
• 1901  – Sam Katzman, American film producer (d. 1973)
• 1906 – William Feller, Croatian mathematician (d.1970)
• 1906  – Leroy Satchel Paige, baseball player (d. 1982)
• 1907 – Robert Heinlein, American science fiction writer (d. 1988)
• 1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer
• 1915 – Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985)
• 1922 – Pierre Cardin, French fashion designer
• 1927 – Doc Severinsen, American composer and musician
• 1933 – Murray Halberg, New Zealand runner
• 1937 – Tung Chee-Hwa, first chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
• 1940 – Ringo Starr, English drummer and singer (The Beatles)
• 1941 – Bill Oddie, English comedian and ornithologist
• 1942 – Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
• 1945 – Michael Ancram, British politician
• 1947 – Howard Rheingold American author
• 1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress
• 1959 – Ben Linder, American engineer (murdered) (d. 1987)
• 1966 – Gundula Krause, German folk violinist
• 1967 – Jackie Neal, American blues singer
• 1969 – Joe Sakic, Canadian hockey player
• 1974 – Karlis Skrastins, Latvian-born hockey player
• 1975 – Michael Voss, Australian Rules footballer
• 1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
• 1980  – Deidre Downs, Miss America 2005

Deaths

• 1129 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (b. 1053)
• 1304 – Pope Benedict XI, (possibly poisoned) (b. 1240)
• 1307 – King Edward I of England (b. 1239)
• 1537 – Madeleine de Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)
• 1572 – Sigismund II Augustus, king of Poland (b. 1520)
• 1816 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and politician (b. 1751)
• 1880 – Lydia Child, American novelist and abolitionist (b. 1802)
• 1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
• 1930 – Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (b. 1859)
• 1949 – Bunk Johnson, American jazz musician (b. 1879 or 1889)
• 1956 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (b. 1886)
• 1964 – Lillian Copeland, American athlete (b. 1904)
• 1965 – Moshe Sharett, second Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
• 1967 – Vivien Leigh, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1971 – Claude Gauvreau, Canadian writer (b. 1925)
• 1971  – Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b1901)
• 1972 – King Talal, King of Jordan (b. 1909)
• 1972  – Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1886)
• 1973 – Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1919)
• 1973  – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
• 1980 – Dore Schary, American film producer, writer (b. 1905)
• 1990 – Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Kenny Irwin, Jr., American race car driver (b. 1969)
• 2003 – Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian-born conductor (b. 1924)

Holidays and observances

• Bhutan – Guru Rinpoche
• China – The Night of Sevens
• Japan – Tanabata
• Roman Empire – Nonae Caprotinae festival in honor of Juno
• Solomon Islands – Independence Day (1978)
• Spain – San Fermín festival or running of the bulls, in Pamplona, Navarre.
• Tanzania – Saba Saba Day (or Peasants' Day, founding of the TANU party, 1954)
• Yemen – Unity Factory Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day

July 6 – July 8 – June 7 – August 7 — listing of all days