November 4

November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining.

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Events

• 1576 – Eighty Years' War: In Belgium, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city was nearly destroyed).
• 1612 – Moscow China Town taken by Russian troops under command of Dmitry Pozharsky
• 1677 – The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange. They would later be known as William and Mary.
• 1852 – Count Camillo Benso di Cavour became the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expanded to become Italy.
• 1861 – The University of Washington opens in Seattle, Washington as the Territorial University
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville – Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material.
• 1869 – The first issue of scientific journal Nature is published.
• 1884 – U.S. presidential election, 1884: Democrat Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.
• 1889 – Menelek of Shoa obtains the allegiance of a large majority of the Ethiopian nobility, paving the way for him to be crowned emperor.
• 1890 – City & South London Railway: London's first deep level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
• 1899 – Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is published.
• 1918 – World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.
• 1918 – The German Revolution began when forty-thousand sailors took over the port in Kiel.
• 1921 – The Sturmabteilung or SA is formally formed by Adolf Hitler
• 1922 – In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to King Tutankhamen's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
• 1924 – Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming elected as the first woman governor in the United States.
• 1928 – Arnold Rothstein, New York City's most notorious gambler, is shot to death over a poker game.
• 1939 – World War II: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.
• 1942 – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein – Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.
• 1948 – T.S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1952 – U.S. presidential election, 1952: Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democrat Adlai Stevenson.
• 1956 – Soviet troops invade Hungary to crush the Hungarian revolution that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded and nearly a quarter million leave the country.
• 1957 – The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2 with a dog named Laika on board, becoming the first country to launch a living creature into orbit. The capsule was not designed to be retrievable and she died a few hours later from stress and overheating.
• 1960 – Filming wraps on The Misfits, starring Marilyn Monroe and Clark Gable (this was the last film either performed in).
• 1966 – Two thirds of Florence, Italy are submerged as the Arno and Po rivers flood; 113 people die, 30,000 are rendered homeless, and countless rennaisance artworks and books are destroyed.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States turns control of the air base in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.
• 1979 – Iran hostage crisis begins: Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the United States embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (63 of whom are American).
• 1980 – U.S. presidential election, 1980: Republican challenger Ronald Reagan defeats incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter by a wide margin.
• 1986 – The Iran-Contra scandal is first made public in Lebanese magazine "Al Shiraa".
• 1993 – Jean Chrétien takes office as Prime Minister of Canada.
• 1993 – Bolivia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1993 – A series of fires destroy 1000 homes in southern California, causing between 500 million and 1 billion USD of damage. Half of the fires turn out to be arson.
• 1995 – After attending a peace rally in Tel Aviv's Kings Square, Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is mortally wounded by an extreme right-wing Israeli assassin. He dies of his wounds later that night in a Tel Aviv Hospital.
• 2001 – Hurricane Michelle hits Cuba destroying crops and thousands of homes.
• 2001 – The Police Service of Northern Ireland is established.
• 2003 – The largest ever solar flare is recorded. (X28)

Births

• 1470 – King Edward V of England, one of the two Princes in the Tower (d. 1483?)
• 1631 – Mary of Orange, eldest daughter of Charles I of England and mother of William III of England
• 1744 – Johann Bernoulli, III, Swiss mathematician
• 1765 – Pierre Girard, French mathematician (d. 1836)
• 1874 – Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak, Russian military commander (d. 1920)
• 1879 – Will Rogers, American humorist and entertainer (d. 1935)
• 1909 – Skeeter Webb, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• 1912 – Vadim Salmanov, composer (d. 1978)
• 1914 – Martin Balsam, actor (d. 1996)
• 1916 – Walter Cronkite, news broadcaster
• 1918 – Art Carney, actor (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch businessman (d. 2002)
• 1929 – Doris Roberts, actress
• 1932 – Thomas Klestil, president of Austria (d. 2004)
• 1932 – Noam Pitlik, actor/director (d. 1999)
• 1937 – Loretta Swit, American actress
• 1944 – Scherrie Payne, singer; member of The Supremes
• 1946 – Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (d. 1989)
• 1946 – Laura Bush, First Lady of the United States
• 1951 – Traian Băsescu, president of Romania
• 1955 – Matti Vanhanen, prime minister of Finland
• 1961 – Kathy Griffin, comedienne, actress
• 1961 – Ralph Macchio, actor
• 1969 – Matthew McConaughey, American actor
• 1969 – P. Diddy, American rap musician
• 1972 – Luis Figo, Portuguese football star
• 1975 – Eduard Kokcharov, Handball player

Deaths

• 1652 – Jean-Charles de la Faille, Belgian mathematician
• 1698 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish mathematician
• 1847 – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer
• 1870 – Comte de Lautreamont, poet, writer

1900–1999

• 1918 – Wilfred Owen, English poet
• 1924 – Gabriel Fauré, French composer (b. 1845)
• 1928 – Arnold Rothstein, gambler
• 1930 – Buddy Bolden, American jazz musician (b. 1877)
• 1955 – Cy Young, baseball player
• 1956 – Art Tatum, American jazz musician
• 1968 – Michel Kikoine, Belarusian painter (b. 1892)
• 1980 – Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer
• 1982 – Dominique Dunne, actress (b. 1959)
• 1986 – Kurt Hirsch, German mathematician
• 1995 – Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel
• 2000 – Ian Sneddon, British mathematician
• 2003 – Richard Wollheim, British philosopher

Holidays

• Italy – celebration of the victory on WWI, the day of the Armed Forces
• Bahá'í Faith – Feast of Qudrat (Power) – First day of the 13th month of the Bahá'í Calendar

External links

• BBC: On This Day

November 3 – November 5 – October 4 – December 4 – more historical anniversaries