31st century BC

(32nd century BC – 31st century BC – 30th century BC – other centuries)

(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC)

Events

• 3051 BC – Mahabharata War in Ancient India. Time of Krishna. Earliest description of Dynastic Rule (Kuru Dynasty which ruled India).
• 3000 BC – Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt, and a new capital is erected at Memphis.
• 3000 BC – Highly developed cities were to be found in the Indus valley civilization. See also Punjab and History of the Punjab.

Significant persons

• Pandava siblings. Faction leaders of the Kurukshetrawar. Possibly legend based on ancient historical event.
  • Yudhisthira. Son of Yama and Queen Kunti. First-born adoptive son of King Pandu of Hastinapura.
  • Bhima. Son of Vayu and Queen Kunti. Second-born adoptive son of King Pandu of Hastinapura.
  • Arjuna. Son of Indra and Queen Kunti. Third-born adoptive son of King Pandu of Hastinapura.
  • Nakula. Son of Asvini and Queen Madri, twin brother of Sahadeva. Last-born adoptive son of King Pandu of Hastinapura.
  • Sahadeva. Son of Ashwini and Queen Madri, twin brother of Nakula. Last-born adoptive son of King Pandu of Hastinapura.
• Kaurava siblings. Faction leaders of the Mahabharata war. Possibly legend based on ancient historical event. They were reportedly 96 sons of blind King Dhritarashtra of Hastinapura and Queen Gandhari. Only two however figure as de facto leaders.
  • Duryodhana. First-born son.
  • Dushasana. Second-born son.
• Draupadi. Daughter or adoptive daughter or King Drupada of Panchala, wife to all five of the Pandavas. Her ill-treatment by the Kauravas is given among the causes of the war.
• Menes, first Pharaoh of Egypt

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• Chinese ideograms
• Drainage and sewage system in India
• Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer
• Pyramids in Ancient Egypt
• Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons.