August 31

August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August.

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Events

• 1056 – Byzantine Empress Theodora dies suddenly without children to succeed the throne, ending the Macedonian dynasty
• 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia, defended by troops under Confederate General John Bell Hood. [1]
• 1876 – Ottoman sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II.
• 1886 – Earthquake kills 100 in Charleston, South Carolina
• 1888 – Mary Ann Nichols is murdered. She is perhaps the first of Jack the Ripper's victims
• 1895 – The first professional football player plays a game in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. John Brallier is paid US$10 plus expenses to play for the Latrobe YMCA in a game against the Jeannette Athletic Club.
• 1897 – Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie camera.
• 1907 – England, Russia and France form the Triple Entente alliance.
• 1920 – First news radio program broadcast in Detroit, Michigan.
• 1931 – Production of Ford Motor Company's Model A ends, with 4.3 million produced.
• 1939 – Nazi Germany mounts a staged attack on Gleiwitz radio station, giving them an excuse to attack Poland the following day, starting World War II.
• 1943 – The USS Harmon, the first U.S. Navy ship to be named for a black person, is commissioned.
• 1957 – Malaya gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1962 – Trinidad and Tobago become independent.
• 1978 – William and Emily Harris, founders of the Symbionese Liberation Army, plead guilty to the 1974 kidnapping of newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst.
• 1980 – The Solidarity trade union is formed in Poland.
• 1985 – Richard Ramirez, the "Night Stalker" serial killer, is arrested in Los Angeles, California.
• 1986 – An Aeroméxico Douglas DC-9 collides with a Piper PA-28 over Cerritos, California, killing 67 in the air and 15 on the ground.
• 1986 – The Soviet passenger liner Admiral Nakhimov sinks in the Black Sea after colliding with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev, killing 398.
• 1989 – Buckingham Palace officials confirm that Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips are to be separated.
• 1991 – Kyrgyzstan declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1992 – Pascal Lissouba is inaugurated as the President of the Republic of the Congo after a multiparty presidential election, ending a long history of one-party oppressive rule under the Congolese Workers Party.
• 1994 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army declares a ceasefire.
• 1997 – Diana, Princess of Wales, dies in a car crash in Paris.
• 1998 – North Korea reportedly launchs Kwangmyongsong, its first satellite.
• 1999 – The first of a series of Russian Apartment Bombings in Moscow, killing one person and wounding 40 others.
• 2004 – Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ is released on DVD and VHS in stores across the United States, selling approximately 4.1 million copies by the end of the day.

Births

• 12 – Gaius Caligula, Roman Emperor (d. 41)
• 161 – Commodus, Roman Emperor (d. 192)
• 1811 – Theophile Gautier, French poet and novelist (d. 1872)
• 1834 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (d. 1886)
• 1870 – Maria Montessori, Italian educator (d. 1952)
• 1878 – Frank Jarvis, American athlete (d. 1933)
• 1879 – Alma Mahler, wife of Gustav Mahler, Walter Gropius, and Franz Werfel (d. 1964)
• 1880 – Queen Wilhelmina I of the Netherlands (d. 1962)
• 1885 – DuBose Heyward, playwright (d. 1940)
• 1897 – Fredric March, actor (d. 1975)
• 1903 – Arthur Godfrey, television host (d. 1983)
• 1907 – William Shawn, editor
• 1907 – Ramon Magsaysay, President of the Philippines
• 1908 – William Saroyan, novelist and playwright (d. 1981)
• 1914 – Richard Basehart, actor (d. 1984)
• 1916 – Daniel Schorr, journalist
• 1918 – Alan Jay Lerner, composer
• 1924 – Buddy Hackett, actor, comedian
• 1928 – James Coburn, actor (d. 2002)
• 1935 – Frank Robinson, baseball player and manager
• 1935 – Eldridge Cleaver, American political activist (d. 1998)
• 1938 – Martin Bell, British journalist and politician
• 1945 – Van Morrison, musician
• 1945 – Itzhak Perlman, Israeli violinist
• 1948 – Lowell Ganz, screenwriter
• 1949 – Richard Gere, actor
• 1949 – H. David Politzer, physicist
• 1956 – Masashi Tashiro, Japanese television performer
• 1958 – Edwin Moses, athlete
• 1968 – Todd Carty, British actor
• 1970 – Debbie Gibson, singer
• 1972 – Chris Tucker, actor
• 1977 – Craig Nicholls, singer, songwriter, and guitarist (The Vines)
• 1977  – Jeff Hardy, professional wrestler

Deaths

• 651 – Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne, Irish bishop and missionary
• 1056 – Byzantine Empress Theodora (b. 981)
• 1422 – King Henry V of England (b. 1387)
• 1688 – John Bunyan, English writer (b. 1628)
• 1814 – Arthur Phillip, British admiral, first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)
• 1867 – Charles Baudelaire, French poet (b. 1821)
• 1888 – Mary Ann Nicholls, first confirmed victim of Jack the Ripper
• 1941 – Marina Tsvetaeva, poet
• 1963 – Georges Braque, French painter (b. 1882)
• 1969 – Rocky Marciano, American boxer
• 1973 – John Ford, film director
• 1979 – Sally Rand, stripper
• 1985 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, biologist
• 1986 – Henry Moore, sculptor
• 1986 – Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland
• 1997 – Diana, Princess of Wales
• 1997 – Dodi Fayed, film producer
• 2002 – Lionel Hampton, American vibraphone player (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Carl Wayne, singer

Holidays and observances

• Malaysia: National Day
• Independence Day for Trinidad and Tobago (1962)
• Moldova: Day of Our Language (Limba Noastra)

External links

• BBC: On This Day

August 30 – September 1 – July 31 – September 30 — listing of all days