July 28

July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining.

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Events

• 1493 – Great fire in Moscow
• 1540 – One of the most important political figures of the reign of Henry VIII of England, Thomas Cromwell, is executed on order from the king on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
• 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre is guillotined in front of a cheering crowd, for sending thousands of others to a similar fate during the French Revolution.
• 1821 – Peru declares independence from Spain.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church begins – Confederate troops led by General John Bell Hood make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces under General William T. Sherman from Atlanta, Georgia.
• 1866 – The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.
• 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is adopted guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
• 1914 – World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it failed to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian assassin. This event leads to the outbreak of war.
• 1932 – US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, DC.
• 1942 – World War II: USSR leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227 in response to alarming German advances into Russia. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so will be immediately killed.
• 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah – The British bomb Hamburg causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
• 1945 – A US Army bomber accidentally crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 injuring 26.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
• 1973 – Watkins Glen, New York concert attended by 600,000 to see The Band, The Allman Brothers Band, and the Grateful Dead.
• 1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude flattens Tangshan, China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
• 1990 – Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru
• 1992 – Mary J. Blige releases her album What's the 411?. It is considered the album that started the new subgenre, hip-hop soul (also see 1992 in music).
• 1995 – Network Solutions announces a new policy to help companies protect their trademarks on the Internet.
• 1996 – Kennewick Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, was discovered near Kennewick, Washington.
• 1997 – Guatemala becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1998 – Monica Lewinsky scandal: Ex-White House intern, Monica Lewinsky receives transactional immunity in exchange for her grand jury testimony concerning her relationship with US President Bill Clinton.
• 2003 – NPR broadcasts the first episode of Day to Day, a one-hour radio newsmagazine

Births

• 1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1872)
• 1866 – Beatrix Potter, English author (d. 1943)
• 1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, astronomer (d. 1951)
• 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, philosopher (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Marcel Duchamp, French painter (d. 1968)
• 1902 – Karl Popper, philosopher of science (d. 1994)
• 1907 – Dolf Sternberger, publicist (d. 1989)
• 1907 – Earl Tupper, inventor (d. 1983)
• 1909 – Malcolm Lowry, novelist (d. 1957)
• 1914 – Carmen Dragon, composer (d. 1984)
• 1915 – Frankie Yankovic, musician (d. 1998)
• 1916 – David Brown, American film producer
• 1922 – Jacques Piccard, French undersea explorer
• 1927 – John Ashbery, poet
• 1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American wife of John F. Kennedy (d. 1994)
• 1934 – Jacques d'Amboise, dancer and choreographer
• 1936 – Garfield Sobers, cricketer
• 1937 – Peter Duchin, pianist and bandleader
• 1940 – Philip Proctor, comedian
• 1941 – Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor
• 1943 – Bill Bradley, basketball player and U.S. Senator
• 1945 – Jim Davis, cartoonist
• 1949 – Steve Peregrin Took, singer and songwriter
• 1952 – Yoshitaka Amano, Japanese artist
• 1958 – Terry Fox, cancer activist (d. 1981)
• 1962 – Rachel Sweet, singer
• 1964 – Ian Livingston, British businessman
• 1965 – Lori Loughlin, actress
• 1972 – Elizabeth Berkley, actress
• 1977 – Manu Ginobili, Argentine basketball player
• 1979 – Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer

Deaths

• 1057 – Pope Victor II
• 1230 – Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176)
• 1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet (b. 1619)
• 1741 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (b. 1678)
• 1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685)
• 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader
• 1794 – Louis de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader
• 1842 – Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778)
• 1934 – Marie Dressler, Academy Award-winning actress
• 1957 – Edith Abbott, social worker, educator, and author (b. 1876)
• 1969 – Frank Loesser, composer
• 1971 – Myril Hoag, baseball player
• 1972 – Helen Traubel, American soprano (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Marguerite "Marge" Ganser, singer (Shangri-Las)
• 2003 – Lady Valerie Goulding, Irish Senator and campaigner for the disabled
• 2004 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist
• 2004 – Francis Crick, scientist, co-discoverer of DNA structure (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances

• Canada – Commemoration of the deportation of the Acadians
• Faroe Islands – Ólavsøka Eve
• Peru – Independence Day
• San Marino – Fall of the Fascist Government

External links

• BBC: On This Day

July 27 – July 29 – June 28 – August 28 — listing of all days