March 21

March 21 is the 80^th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (81^st in leap years). There are 285 days remaining.

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Events

• 1556 – In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake.
• 1788 – A fire destroys 856 buildings in New Orleans and leaves most of the town in ruins.
• 1800 – With the church leadership driven out of the Vatican during an armed conflict, Pius VII was crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mâché.
• 1801 – The Battle of Alexandria was fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.
• 1804 – Code Napoléon was adopted as French civil law.
• 1857 – Earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.
• 1919 – The Chinese High School is established in Singapore by Tan Kah Kee.
• 1918 – World War I: Second Battle of the Somme begins
• 1928 – Charles Lindbergh is presented the Congressional Medal of Honor for his first trans-Atlantic flight.
• 1935 – Shah Reza Pahlavi formally asked the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran, which means 'Land of the Aryans'.
• 1940 – Paul Reynaud becomes Prime Minister of France
• 1945 – World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma
• 1952 – Alan Freed presents the Moondog Coronation Ball, the first rock and roll concert, in Cleveland, Ohio
• 1960 – Apartheid: Massacre in Sharpeville, South Africa: Police open fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180
• 1963 – Alcatraz, a federal penitentiary on an island in San Francisco Bay, closes.
• 1964 – In Copenhagen, Denmark, Gigliola Cinquetti wins the ninth Eurovision Song Contest for Italy singing "Non ho l'età" (I'm not old enough).
• 1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
• 1965 – Martin Luther King Jr leads 3,200 people on the start of the 3'rd and finally successful Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery Alabama.
• 1970 The first Earth Day proclamation was issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto.
• 1970 – Vinko Bogataj crashes during a ski-jumping championship in Germany; his image becomes that of the "agony of defeat guy" in the opening credits of ABC's Wide World of Sports.
• 1970 – In Amsterdam, Netherlands, Dana wins the fifteenth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "All Kinds of Everything".
• 1980 – President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.
• 1980 – On the season finale of the soap opera Dallas, the infamous character J.R. Ewing is shot by an unseen assailant, leading to the catchphrase "Who Shot JR?"
• 1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.
• 1989 – Sports Illustrated reports allegations that tie baseball player Pete Rose to baseball gambling.
• 1990 – Namibia becomes independent after 75 years of South African rule.
• 1999 – Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.
• 2002 – In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh along with three other suspects are charged with murder for their part in the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
• 2004 – In Malaysia, the 11th Federal and State elections are held, returning the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional to power with an increased majority.
• 2005 – In Red Lake, Minnesota, 10 are killed in a school shooting, the worst since the Columbine High School massacre.

Births

• 1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer, (d. 1750)
• 1763 – Jean Paul, German writer (d. 1825)
• 1768 – Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, French mathematician, (d. 1830)
• 1806 – Benito Juárez, Mexican statesman and national hero, (d. 1872)
• 1839 – Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Russian composer, (d. 1881)
• 1869 – Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer, (d. 1932)
• 1876 – John Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)
• 1882 – Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson, actor, (d. 1971)
• 1891 – Jonathan Hale, Canadian actor (d. 1966)
• 1895 – Zlatko Baloković, Croatian violinist, (d. 1955)
• 1901 – Karl Arnold, politician, (d. 1958)
• 1902 – Son House, blues musician, (d. 1988)
• 1904 – Forrest Mars Sr., American candymaker (d. 1999)
• 1906 – Jim Thompson, the "Silk King" (death date unknown)
• 1913 – George Abecassis, English Formula One driver (d. 1991)
• 1921 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (d. 1986)
• 1922 – Russ Meyer, film director, producer (d. 2004)
• 1923 – Shri Mataji Nirmala Shrivastava, the founder of Sahaja Yoga
• 1927 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, politician
• 1932 – Joseph Silverstein, American violinist, conductor
• 1930 – James Coco, American actor (d. 1987)
• 1934 – Al Freeman, Jr., American actor
• 1936 – Mike Westbrook, English composer
• 1940 – Solomon Burke, American singer
• 1943 – Vivian Stanshall, British musician (Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band)
• 1945 – Rose Stone, American musician (Sly & the Family Stone)
• 1946 – Timothy Dalton, British James Bond actor
• 1951 – Russell Thompkins, Jr., (The Stylistics) Singer
• 1958 – Gary Oldman, actor
• 1958 – Sabrina Le Beauf, American actress
• 1959 – Nobuo Uematsu, Japanese composer
• 1960 – Ayrton Senna, automobile racer, (d. 1994)
• 1961 – Lothar Matthäus, soccer player
• 1962 – Rosie O'Donnell, comedienne, actress, talk show host, publisher
• 1962  – Matthew Broderick, actor
• 1967 – Jonas "Joker" Berggren, Swedish musician (Ace of Base)
• 1975 – Mark Williams, Welsh snooker player
• 1975 – Justin Pierce, British actor (d. 2000)
• 1976 – Liza Harper, French pornographic actress
• 1977 – DJ Premier, American rapper (Gang Starr)
• 1978 – Kevin Federline, American dancer
• 1980 – Ronaldinho, Brazilian soccer player

Deaths

• 1076 – Robert I, Duke of Burgundy
• 1306 – Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
• 1556 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, (b. 1489)
• 1795 – Giovanni Arduino, geologist, (b. 1714)
• 1843 – Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)
• 1881 – Samuel Courtauld, textile magnate (b. 1793)
• 1884 – Ezra Abbot, American bible scholar, (b. 1819)
• 1934 – Franz Schreker, composer (b. 1878)
• 1936 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)
• 1951 – Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (b. 1871)
• 1958 – Cyril M. Kornbluth, science fiction writer, (b. 1923)
• 1984 – Shauna Grant, American actress
• 1985 – Sir Michael Redgrave, actor, (b. 1908)
• 1987 – Robert Preston, actor (b. 1918)
• 1987 – Dean Paul Martin, American musician
• 1991 – Leo Fender, guitar manufacturer
• 1994 – Dack Rambo, American actor
• 1994 – Macdonald Carey, American actor
• 1997 – W. V. Awdry, inventor (b. 1911)
• 1997 – John Nemechek, American car racer
• 1999 – Ernie Wise, British comedian (b. 1925)
• 2001 – Norma Macmillan, voice actress, (b. 1921)
• 2001  – Chung Ju-young, Korean industrialist (b. 1915)
• 2002 – Herman Talmadge, American politician
• 2003 – Wolfgang Kartte, politician
• 2005 – Bobby Short, singer (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Barney Martin, American actor

Holidays and observances

• Earth Day
• Japan: Vernal Equinox Day (public holiday)
• Namibia: Independence Day
• Benito Juárez Day, a Fiestas Patrias in Mexico
• South Africa: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
• Traditional date of vernal equinox, used for reckoning Easter. The real equinox usually occurs one day earlier.
• Astrology: First day of sun sign Aries
• The third day of Quinquatria in ancient Rome, held in honor of Minerva.
• New Year of Iranian Calendar: Norouz occurs on the vernal equinox
• New Year of the Bahá'í Calendar
• Bahá'í Faith: Naw-Rúz: New Year (Norouz)
• Bahá'í Faith – End of the 19-day sunrise-to-sunset fast
• Ostara – Neopagan festival of Ostara
• World Day Of Sleep – by World Health Organization
• World Poetry Day – by UNESCO
• International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – by United Nations

External links

• BBC: On This Day

March 20 – March 22 – February 21 – April 21 — listing of all days