October 19

October 19 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining.

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Events

• 202 BC – The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
• AD 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 1453 – The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
• 1466 – The Thirteen Years' War ended with the Second Treaty of Thorn. Prussia as a whole was incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
• 1781 – Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War.
• 1812 – Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 – The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1864 – Battle of Cedar Creek – Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 – Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1873 – Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1912 – Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 – The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1917 – Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1933 – Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1943 – Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1944 – United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1954 – First ascent of Cho Oyu
• 1960 – Mauretania gains independence from France.
• 1973 – President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1982 – John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine.
• 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
• 1985 – The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
• 1986 – Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 – In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 – (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
• 1989 – Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal – they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
• 1991 – Paul Glover buys a samosa at the Farmers' Market with Half HOUR #751; the first use of Ithaca Hours.
• 1994 – New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi airs for the last time.
• 2003 – Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2004 – Myanmar Prime Minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
• 2004 – The Boston Red Sox defeat the New York Yankees 10–3 in Game Seven of the American League Championship Series, to advance to the World Series. The Red Sox became the first team in baseball history to win a series after being down three game to none.

Births

• 1433 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1562 – Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
• 1862 – Auguste Lumière, one of the inventors of cinema (d. 1954)
• 1784 – John McLoughlin, Hudson's Bay Company Factor
• 1873 – Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist
• 1885 – Charles Merrill, investment banker (d. 1956)
• 1899 – Miguel Angel Asturias, Guatemalan writer (d. 1974)
• 1907 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, band leader (d. 1962)
• 1908 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer
• 1910 – Jean Genet, French author (d. 1986)
• 1913 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1916 – Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1994)
• 1918 – Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher
• 1931 – John le Carré, English novelist
• 1932 – Robert Reed, actor (d. 1992)
• 1937 – Peter Max, pop artist
• 1942 – Andrew Vachss, author and attorney
• 1944 – Peter Tosh, musician
• 1945 – Divine (Glen Milstead), actor (d. 1988)
• 1945  – John Lithgow, actor
• 1946 – Philip Pullman writer
• 1947 – Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator
• 1951 – Steve Pearson (photographer), in Mudgee NSW Aust
• 1951 – Patricia Ireland, President of the National Organization for Women
• 1962 – Evander Holyfield, boxing champion
• 1965 – Ty Pennington, TV carpenter
• 1966 – Jon Favreau, actor, writer, director
• 1969 – Trey Parker, cartoonist, comedian, writer, actor
• 1972 – Pras, musician
• 1976 – Michael Young, American baseball player

Deaths

• 1187 – Pope Urban III
• 1587 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1745 – Jonathan Swift, Irish author
• 1889 – King Louis of Portugal
• 1937 – Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
• 1943 – Camille Claudel, French sculptor
• 1950 – Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet
• 1956 – Isham Jones, jazz musician (b. 1894)
• 1973 – Walt Kelly, cartoonist
• 1983 – Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada
• 1987 – Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1988 – Son House, blues musician
• 1992 – Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner
• 1994 – Martha Raye, comedienne, actress
• 2003 – Faith Fancher, television journalist and breast cancer awareness activist
• 2003 – Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian politician and president
• 2003 – Margaret Murie, conservationist

Holidays

• Roman Empire – Armilustrium in honor of Mars
• Niue – Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
• Mother Teresa Day in Albania.

External links

• BBC: On This Day

October 18 – October 20 – November 19 – September 19 – more historical anniversaries