1975 in science

The year 1975 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration

• August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.

Biology

• August 7 – César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science^[1][2]

Computer science

• January – Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer
• July 17 – Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.

Awards

• Nobel Prizes
  • Physics Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, James Rainwater
  • Chemistry – John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
  • Medicine – David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
• Turing Award – Allen Newell, Herbert Simon

Births

Deaths

• February 14 – Julian Huxley (b. 1887), British biologist and author.

References

1. ⇧ Reference: Kohler, G.; Milstein, C. (1975). Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256(5517), 495–497. PMID 1172191
2. ⇧ Reference: Waldman, Thomas A. (2003). Immunotherapy: past, present and future. Nature Medicine 9, 269–277.