1884

1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar).

Events

• January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London.
• January 18 – Dr William Price attempts to cremate the body of his infant son, Jesus Christ Price, setting a legal precedent for cremation in the UK.
• February 1 – Edition one of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
• March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on January 26, 1885).
• April 22 – Colchester earthquake, England; the UK's most destructive.
• May 1 – the first proclamation of eight-hour workday by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in the United States. May 1st, called May Day or Labour Day, is now a holiday recognized in almost every industrialized country.
• July 5 – Germany takes possession of Cameroon.
• August 5 – The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor.
• August 10 – A severe earthquake, magnitude 5.5, (intensity VII) occurs off the northeast Atlantic coast. The area affected extends from central Virginia to southern Maine, and west as far as Cleveland.
• October – International Meridian Conference in Washington DC fixes the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian.
• October 6 – United States Naval War College established in Newport, Rhode Island.
• October 18 – University of Wales, Bangor (UK) founded.
• November 1 – The Irish Gaelic Athletic Association is founded in Thurles, Ireland.
• November 4 – U.S. presidential election: Democrat Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.
• November 15 – The Berlin Conference which regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa begins (ends February 26, 1885).
• November 25 – British surgeon John Dooglee makes the first successful removal of a brain tumor.
• December 1 – American Old West – Near Frisco, New Mexico (now Reserve, New Mexico), deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys who want to kill him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy (the cowboys were terrorizing the area's Hispanos and Baca was working against them).
• December 6 – Washington Monument was completed.
• December 16 – World Cotton Centennial World's Fair opens in New Orleans, Louisiana.
• Bechuanaland becomes British protectorate.
• Stefan-Boltzmann law reformulated by Ludwig Boltzmann.
• British Police officers go on armed patrol in London.

Environmental change

• The Water Hyacinth is introduced in the US and quickly becomes an invasive species

Births

January-March

• January 2 – Oscar Micheaux, American filmmaker and author (d. 1951)
• January 12 – Texas Guinan, American vaudeville performer (d. 1933)
• January 13 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born singer and comedienne (d. 1966)
• January 21 – Roger Baldwin, American social activist (d. 1981)
• January 23 – Ralph DePalma, Italian-born race car driver (d. 1956)
• January 28 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist (d. 1962)
• January 31 – Theodor Heuss, German politician and publicist (d. 1963)
• February 12 – Max Beckmann, German painter and graphic artist (d. 1950)
• February 12  – Marie Vassilieff, Russian artist (d. 1957)
• February 13 – Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American athlete and inventor (d. 1961)
• February 14 – Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (d. 1972)
• February 16 – Robert J. Flaherty, American filmmaker (d. 1951)
• February 22 – Abe Attell, American boxer (d. 1970)
• March 1 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
• March 13 – Oskar Loerke, lyricist, narrator and essayist (d. 1941)
• March 13  – Sir Hugh Walpole, English novelist (d. 1941)
• March 17 – Alcide Nunez, American jazz musician (d. 1934)
• March 26 – Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist (d. 1969)

April-December

• April 4 – Isoroku Yamamoto, naval commander (d. 1943)
• April 6 – Walter Huston, Academy Award-winning actor (d. 1950)
• May 1 – Henry Norwest, Canadian World War I sniper (d. 1918)
• May 8 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (d. 1972)
• May 10 – Olga Petrova English-born silent film and stage actress (d. 1977)
• May 14 – Claudius Dornier, German aircraft designer (d. 1969)
• May 27 – Max Brod, Austrian author (d. 1968)
• May 28 – Edvard Benes, Austrian politician (d. 1948)
• July 12 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
• July 23 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (d. 1950)
• August 23 – Will Cuppy, American humorist (d. 1949)
• September 17 – Charles Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (d. 1920)
• October 11 – Eleanor Roosevelt, human rights activist, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962)
• November 19 – José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (d. 1942)
• November 20 – Norman Thomas, American social reformer (d. 1968)
• December 30 – Tojo Hideki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1948)

Deaths

• January 25 – Johann Gottfried Piefke, German conductor and composer (b. 1815)
• March 21 – Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819)
• April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist (b. 1858)
• May 12 – Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer (b. 1824)
• May 13 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809)
• June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858)
• July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective (b. 1819)
• July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837)
• November 25 – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818)