14-3-3 protein

14–3–3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14–3–3 proteins have the ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and transmembrane receptors. More than 50 signaling proteins have been reported as 14–3–3 ligands.

Elevated amounts of 14–3–3 proteins are found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Properties of 14–3–3 proteins

There are seven known mammalian 14–3–3 isoforms, and 14–3–3 proteins usually exist as dimers. The common recognition motif for 14–3–3 proteins is a phosphorylated serine recognition motif – RSxpSP – but also binding to non-phosphorylated ligands has been reported.

14–3–3 regulating cell-signalling

Raf-1 Bad Cdc25