July 11

July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining.

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Events

• 1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – the Flemish cities beat the king of France.
• 1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
• 1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
• 1533 – King Henry VIII of England is excommunicated.
• 1740 – Jews expelled from Little Russia.
• 1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia almost completely destroyed by fire.
• 1776 – Captain James Cook begins third voyage.
• 1796 – The U.S. takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
• 1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
• 1804 – In a duel, Vice President Aaron Burr kills Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
• 1811 – Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoire about molecular content of gases.
• 1848 – The Waterloo railway station in London opens.
• 1859 – A Tale Of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published.
• 1864 – Confederate forces attempt an invasion of Washington DC.
• 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
• 1895 – The brothers Lumière show film for scientists.
• 1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to try to reach the North pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
• 1914 – Babe Ruth debuts in major league baseball.
• 1919 – Eight-hour working day and free Sunday made into law in the Netherlands.
• 1921 – Truce called in the Irish War of Independence; see Irish calendar.
• 1921 – Former US President William Howard Taft sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
• 1921 – Mongolia becomes independent (from China).
• 1936 – Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
• 1940 – Vichy Regime formally established in France. (and Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France).
• 1943 – The Germans counter-attack on Sicily.
• 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt says he will run for a fourth term as president of the United States.
• 1955 – The phrase In God We Trust is added to all US currency.
• 1960 – Dahomey (now Benin), Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and Niger all gain independence.
• 1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
• 1962 – Soviet cosmonaut Micolaev is four days in space, a record.
• 1971 – Copper mines in Chile nationalised.
• 1973 – A Brazilian Boeing 707 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, resulting in the death of 122 people.
• 1975 – Chinese archeologists discover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC.
• 1977 – Martin Luther King is posthumously rewarded the Medal of Freedom.
• 1979 – The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
• 1982 – Defeating West Germany 3–1 at Santiago Bernabéu stadium, Italy wins 1982 edition of the Football World Cup.
• 1983 – A Boeing 727 crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike in Cuenca, Ecuador, claiming 119 lives.
• 1987 – According to the United Nations, the world population crosses the 5,000,000,000 mark.
• 1991 – A Nigerian DC-8 crashes while landing at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing 261
• 1991 – Total solar eclipse in Hawaii.
• 1995 – Full diplomatic relations are established between the United States and Vietnam.
• 1995 – Bosnian Serbs capture the Muslim city of Srebrenica. Many inhabitants are murdered, beginning the so-called Srebrenica Massacre.
• 1995 – A Cubana de Aviacion Antonov AN-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44

Births

• 1274 – Robert the Bruce, king of Scotland (1306-1329)
• 1657 – King Frederick I of Prussia (1701-1713)
• 1754 – Thomas Bowdler, medical doctor and literary censor (d. 1825)
• 1767 – John Quincy Adams, president of the United States (1825-1829) (d. 1848)
• 1844 – King Peter of Serbia (d. 1921)
• 1857 – Alfred Binet, psychologist (d. 1911)
• 1897 – Eugene "Bull" Connor, sheriff of Birmingham, Alabama, resisted civil rights (d. 1973)
• 1899 – E. B. White, writer (d. 1985)
• 1903 – O. E. Hasse, actor (d. 1978)
• 1906 – Herbert Wehner, politician (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Irene Hervey, actress (d. 1998)
• 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, writer
• 1916 – Gough Whitlam, twenty-first Prime Minister of Australia
• 1921 – Ilse Werner, actress
• 1924 – Brett Somers, actor
• 1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish tenor
• 1926 – Frederick Buechner, author
• 1929 – Hermann Prey, German baritone (d. 1998)
• 1930 – Harold Bloom, literary critic
• 1931 – Tab Hunter, actor
• 1934 – Giorgio Armani, fashion designer
• 1939 – Seth Gaaikema, Dutch comedian
• 1949 – Liona Boyd, classical guitarist
• 1950 – Bruce McGill, actor
• 1957 – Michael Rose, musician (Black Uhuru)
• 1959 – Suzanne Vega, singer
• 1959 – Richie Sambora, singer/guitarist (Bon Jovi)
• 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, USA NFL Player
• 1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete
• 1976 – Lil' Kim, rapper
• 1976 – Eduardo Najera, Mexican-born NBA basketball player
• 1983 – Marie Eleonor Serneholt, oldest of the A-Teens
• 1984 – Tanith Belbin, American skater

Deaths

• ca. 155 – Pope Pius I
• 472 – Anthemius, Emperor of the Western Empire (legal murder)
• 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy
• 969 – Olga of Kiev
• 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, United States Secretary of the Treasury (duel)
• 1937 – George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
• 1959 – Charlie Parker, cricketer (b. 1882)
• 1971 – John W. Campbell, science fiction writer and editor
• 1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, author, 1951 winner of the Nobel Prize for literature
• 1994 – Gary Kildall, computer programmer (b. 1942)
• 1989 – Sir Laurence Olivier, English actor
• 2000 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Herman Brood, singer and artist (suicide)
• 2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, conservationist and philanthropist

Holidays and observances

• Belgium (partially) – Flemish Day (1302)
• Benin – Independence Day (1960)
• Burkina Faso – Independence Day (1960)
• Ireland – National Day of Commemoration held on nearest Sunday to this date (see Irish calendar).
• Mongolia – Naadam Holiday
• Niger – Independence Day (1960)
• Feast Day of Saint Olga (first Russian Saint)
• Feast Day of Saint Benedictus (founder of the Benedictine Order)

External links

• BBC: On This Day

July 10 – July 12 – June 11 – August 11 — listing of all days